LF:VLBC0321p Biochemistry I - lecture - Course Information

VLBC0321p Biochemistry I - lecture

Extent and Intensity

3/0/0. 3 credit(s). Type of Completion: z (credit).
Taught in person.

Teacher(s)

doc. RNDr. Jiří Dostál, CSc. (lecturer)
prof. RNDr. Eva Táborská, CSc. (lecturer)
doc. RNDr. Josef Tomandl, Ph.D. (lecturer)
Mgr. Patrícia Kittová (assistant)
MUDr. Michaela Králíková, Ph.D. (assistant)
RNDr. Hana Paulová, CSc. (assistant)
Mgr. Jiří Slanina, Ph.D. (assistant)
Bc. Ivana Ševčíková (assistant)
Mgr. Marie Tomandlová, Ph.D. (assistant)

Guaranteed by

doc. RNDr. Josef Tomandl, Ph.D.
Department of Biochemistry – Theoretical Departments – Faculty of Medicine
Supplier department: Department of Biochemistry – Theoretical Departments – Faculty of Medicine

Timetable

Tue 8:00–9:50 B22/116 aula, Thu 8:00–8:50 B22/116 aula

Prerequisites (in Czech)

VLBI0222p Biology II-lect. && VLBF011p Biophysics-lect.

Course Enrolment Limitations

The course is only offered to the students of the study fields the course is directly associated with.

fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with

• General Medicine (programme LF, M-VL) (2)

Course objectives

The aim of the subject Biochemistry I is to gain knowledge about the basic metabolic processes and pathways taking place at the cellular level.
Understanding these processes is the basis for understanding metabolism at the tissue and organ level, which is studied in the follow-up subject Biochemistry II.

Learning outcomes

In the end of the course students will:
- understand the meaning of basic chemical terms (pH, osmolality, electrolyte, buffer, etc.) and apply this knowledge when describing the properties of body fluids.
- describe the role of macro- and microbiogenic elements in the organism
- discuss the properties and function of enzymes
- describe basic catabolic and anabolic pathways of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism, and their relationships.
- understand the principles of energy production, utilization and deposition at the cellular level.
- explain the function of cell membranes and the principle of compartmentalization at the cellular level and the transport processes on the membrane.
- describe protein synthesis, starting with the replication and transcription, translation and post-translational modifications. Understand the relationship between protein structure and function.
- explain the function of hemoglobin in oxygen transport and maintaining acid-base balance.
- discuss the principles of some diseases at the molecular level.

Syllabus

• Chemical composition of human body, overview of biologically significant elements. Water (properties, distribution in body), electrolytes, non-electrolytes, osmotic pressure, osmolality.
• Acido-base events (pH of body fluids). Buffers, Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.
• Introduction to bioenergetics (Gibbs energy, high-energy compounds). Introduction to nutrient metabolism. Redox reaction, potential, Nernst-Peters equation, biological redox systems.
• Enzymes (structure, classes, names). Characteristic features of biocatalysis (kinetics, inhibition). Cofactors (overview, function, relationship to vitamins).
• Intermediate metabolism (three phases of nutrient catabolism). Citrate cycle. Respiratory chain. Oxidative phosphorylation.
• Carbohydrates (classification, structure). Carbohydrates in nutrition. Carbohydrate digestion. Basic features of glucose metabolism. Glucose transport into cells. Glycolysis. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Gluconeogenesis. Glycogen (synthesis and breakdown). Metabolism of fructose, galactose, lactose. The pentose phosphate pathway. Glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans.
• Lipids and fatty acids (classification, structure). Surfactants. Lipophilic vitamins. Lipids in nutrition. Lipid digestion. Fatty acids (synthesis and degradation, desaturation, elongation). Ketone substances (synthesis and degradation). Triacylglycerols (synthesis and degradation).
• Glycerophospholipids (synthesis, breakdown). Sphingolipids (basic features of synthesis and degradation). Lipid peroxidation (course, antioxidants). Eicosanoids.
• Cholesterol (synthesis, balance). Bile acids (structure, synthesis). Calciols (structure, synthesis).
• Amino acids (structure). Peptides. Proteins (types of structures, folding, properties, myosin, collagen, immunoglobulins). Hemoglobin, myoglobin (structure, function, Bohr effect). Hemoglobinopathies.
• Digestion and intracellular degradation of proteins. General features in catabolism of amino acids. Ammonia (sources, toxicity, transport forms, methods of detoxification).
• Gluco- and ketogenic amino acids, catabolism, disorders. Synthesis of non-essential amino acids. Congenital disorders of amino acid metabolism. Conversion of amino acids into low-molecular products (biogenic amines and their derivatives, NO, creatine, melanin, iodinated thyronines, carnosine). Heme synthesis, porphyria.
• Structure of nucleosides and nucleotides. Synthesis and degradation of purine and pyrimidine bases, synthesis of nucleotides and nucleosides.
• DNA structure, replication and repair. RNA structure, transcription, post-transcriptional modifications.
• Protein synthesis, folding. Transport and sorting of proteins in the cell. Post-translational modification. Biosynthesis of collagen, elastin.

Literature

required literature
• MURRAY, Robert K., David A. BENDER, Kathleen M. BOTHAM, Peter J. KENNELLY, Victor W. RODWELL and P. Anthony WEIL. Harperova ilustrovaná biochemie. Translated by Bohuslav Matouš. Páté české vydání, prv. Praha: Galén, 2012, xii, 730. ISBN 9788072629077. info

recommended literature
• KOOLMAN, Jan and Klaus-Heinrich RÖHM. Barevný atlas biochemie. Translated by Vladimír Benda - Martin Vejražka - Jiří Jonák. 1. české vydání. Praha: Grada, 2012, xiv, 498. ISBN 9788024729770. info
• LIEBERMAN, Michael and Alisa PEET. Marks' basic medical biochemistry : a clinical approach. Illustrated by Matthew Chansky. 5th edition. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer, 2018, xii, 1051. ISBN 9781496387721. info
• VASUDEVAN, D. M., S. SREEKUMARI and Kannan VAIDYANATHAN. Úvod do všeobecnej a klinicky aplikovanej biochémie. Edited by Jozef Čársky. Prvé slovenské vydanie. Bratislava: Balneotherma s.r.o., 2015, 669 stran. ISBN 9788097015688. info

Teaching methods

Lectures.

Assessment methods

The student passes to the follow-up course Biochemistry II in the following semester without the obligation to test the knowledge.

Language of instruction

Czech

Further comments (probably available only in Czech)

Information on completion of the course: úspěšné ukončení předmětu je podmíněno úspěšným ukončením předmětu VLBC0321s
The course is taught annually.
Information on the extent and intensity of the course: 45.

• Enrolment Statistics (autumn 2022, recent)
  
• Permalink: https://is.muni.cz/course/med/autumn2022/VLBC0321p