VSHE0221 Histology and embryology I

Faculty of Medicine
Spring 2002
Extent and Intensity
2/3/0. Type of Completion: z (credit).
Teacher(s)
prof. MUDr. RNDr. Svatopluk Čech, DrSc. (lecturer)
prof. MUDr. Drahomír Horký, DrSc. (lecturer)
prof. MUDr. RNDr. Svatopluk Čech, DrSc. (seminar tutor)
prof. MUDr. Drahomír Horký, DrSc. (seminar tutor)
MUDr. Lenka Krejčířová, Ph.D. (seminar tutor)
MUDr. Irena Lauschová, Ph.D. (seminar tutor)
MUDr. Ivo Nentwich, Ph.D. (seminar tutor)
doc. MUDr. Miroslava Sedláčková, CSc. (seminar tutor)
doc. MUDr. Jitka Šťastná, CSc. (seminar tutor)
Guaranteed by
prof. MUDr. Drahomír Horký, DrSc.
Department of Histology and Embryology – Theoretical Departments – Faculty of Medicine
Contact Person: prof. MUDr. Drahomír Horký, DrSc.
Course Enrolment Limitations
The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.
fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with
Syllabus
  • Cytology and general histology: The object and the significance of the histology. Brno histological and embryological school. Methods used in study of cells and tissues. Sampling, fixation and embedding of tissues for histological examination. Sample preparation for examination by electron microscopy.
  • Cell definition, its size, shape and viability. Composition and structure of the protoplasm. Cell surfaces and intercellular connections. Structure and function of the nucleus. Structure and function of cell organelles. Cell inclusions. Cytoskeleton. Cell growth, aging, and degeneration of cells. Mitosis. Meiosis.
  • Cell differentiation and morphogenesis of tissues. Definition of the tissue.The most important structural and functional characteristics of the tissues.
  • Definition of the epithelial tissue. Classification of epithelia. Covering epithelia (epi-thelial membrane) - classification and chief distribution. The glandular epithelium -types of glands. Absorptive, respiratory and sensory epithelia.
  • Structure, origin and types of the connective tissue. Ground substance and fibers. Connective tissue proper - types, chief distribution, and function. Cartilage and bone types, chief distribution, and function. Ossification. The joints.
  • Muscular tissue - characteristic and classification. Smooth muscle tissue. Skeletal muscle tissue. Submicroscopic structure of the muscle fiber, ultrastructure of the myofibrils, definition of sarkomere. Mechanism of the muscle contraction. Cardiac muscle tissue.
  • Nervous tissue - definition. Neurons - structure and classification. Sheathes of nerve fibers. Synapsis, its structure and function. Nerve endings. Neuroglial cells.
  • Composition of the human peripheral blood. Cytology of formed elements of blood (erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes). Differential white cell count. Prenatal and postnatal haemopoiesis. Microscopical structure of the bone marrow and its classicication. Development of blood cells.
  • Microscopic anatomy: Structure, function and types of the capillaries. Structure of the arteries and veins. Structure of the heart. The lymphatic capillaries and vessels. Structure and function of the thymus. The lymph node. Tonsils and lymph nodes in the wall of the digestive tube - structure and function. Structure of the spleen. Blood circulation of the spleen. Mononuclear phagocytic system - composition, occurrence and function.
  • Mucosa of the respiratory tract (nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses). Microscopic structure of the larynx, epiglottis and trachea. Bronchi and lungs. The pulmonary lobuli and alveoli - structure and function. Blood circulation of lungs. Pleura.
  • General embryology: Gametogenesis. Oogenesis, structure of the oocyte during ovulation. The ovarian and menstrual cycles - correlation. Meiosis - the differences between spermatogenesis and oogenesis. Composition of ejaculate, normal count of spermatozoa (normospermy). Properties of the spermatozoa.
  • Fertilization and cleavage of the human ovum. The morula and blastocyst. Implantation of the conceptus. Abnormal implantation sites, tubal pregnancy. Changes in the blastocyst during implantation. Germ disc, development of axial formations. Notogenesis - development of notochord (= chorda dorsalis).
  • Somitomeres (somites) - their development and differentiation. Intra- and extraembryonic mesoderm. Origin of mesenchyma.
  • The germ disc and its differentiation. Development of external appearance of embryo. Development of limbs. Human fetal membranes - amniotic sac, yolk sac, chorion, and decidua. Development of the placenta and the umbilical cord. Blood circulation in the placenta. Anomalies of the placenta and the umbilical cord. Placenta praevia, accreta, and increta.
  • Growth of embryo in the uterus. Monthly position of the uterus during pregnancy. Presentation, position and posture of fetus. Marks of mature and full-term fetus, the rule of Hasse. Delivery of a fetus.
  • Multiplied number of embryos: mono- and dizygotic twins and triplets; frequency. Arrangement of fetal membranes in multiplets.
  • Congenital malformations - critical periods of origin, main teratogens.
  • Special embryology: Development of the respiratory passages and the lungs. Histogenesis of the lungs.
  • Primitive blood circulation in the human embryo. Development of the heart and its division into definitive passages. The aortic branches (the branchial arteries) and their derivatives. Overview of development of the inferior vena cava. Fetal blood circulation. Congenital malformations of the heart and vessels.
Literature
  • JUNQUEIRA, Luiz Carlos Uchôa, José CARNEIRO and Robert O. KELLEY. Základy histologie. 1. vyd. v ČR. Jinočany: H & H, 1997, vi, 502 s. ISBN 80-85787-37-7. info
  • HORKÝ, Drahomír, Svatopluk ČECH and Pavel TRÁVNÍK. Obecná histologie (General histology). První. Brno: Vydavatelství MU Brno-Kraví hora, 1995, 147 pp. ISBN 80-210-1254-4. info
  • HORKÝ, Drahomír and Svatopluk ČECH. Mikroskopická anatomie (Microscopical anatomy). První. Brno: Vydavatelství MU, 1999, 353 pp. ISBN 80-210-2208-6. info
  • ČECH, Svatopluk and Pavel TRÁVNÍK. Základy embryologie člověka (Basic Human Embryology). První-dotisk. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, 1997, 114 pp. ISBN 80-210-0562-9. info
  • Embryologie pro pediatry :učebnice pro lékařské fakulty. Edited by Zdeněk Vacek. 2. dopl. vyd. Praha: Univerzita Karlova, 1992, 313 s., ba. ISBN 80-7066-562-9. info
Language of instruction
Czech
Further comments (probably available only in Czech)
The course is taught annually.
The course is taught: every week.
The course is also listed under the following terms Spring 2000, Spring 2001, Spring 2003, Spring 2004, Spring 2005, Spring 2006.
  • Enrolment Statistics (Spring 2002, recent)
  • Permalink: https://is.muni.cz/course/med/spring2002/VSHE0221