XXII. MEZINÁRODNÍ KOLOKVIUM O REGIONÁLNÍCH
VĚDÁCH. SBORNÍK PŘÍSPĚVKŮ
22nd
INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON REGIONAL
SCIENCES.CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
Place: Velké Bílovice (Czech Republic)
June 12-16, 2019
Publisher: Masarykova univerzita (Masaryk University Press), Brno
Edited by:
Viktorie KLÍMOVÁ
Vladimír ŽÍTEK
(Masarykova univerzita / Masaryk University, Czech Republic)
Vzor citace / Citation example:
AUTOR, A. Název článku. In Klímová, V., Žítek, V. (eds.) XXII. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních
vědách. Sborník příspěvků. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, 2019. s. 1–5. ISBN 978-80-210-9268-6.
DOI.
AUTHOR, A. Title of paper. In Klímová, V., Žítek, V. (eds.) 22nd
International Colloquium on Regional
Sciences. Conference Proceedings. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2019. pp. 1–5. ISBN 978-80-
210-9268-6. DOI.
Publikace neprošla jazykovou úpravou. / Publication is not a subject of language check.
Za správnost obsahu a originalitu výzkumu zodpovídají autoři. / Authors are fully responsible for the content and
originality of the articles.
© 2019 Masarykova univerzita
ISBN 978-80-210-9268-6 (online : pdf)
 
 
 
XXII. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách Sborník příspěvků Velké Bílovice 12.–14. 6. 2019
 
53
DOI: 10.5817/CZ.MUNI.P210-9268-2019-6
ANALYSIS OF SHARED SERVICE CENTERS AND
BUSINESS PROCESS OUTSOURCING CENTERS IN
SLOVAK REGIONS
Analýza centier zdieľaných služieb a centier podnikových
služieb regiónoch Slovenska
MARTA URBANÍKOVÁ
MICHAELA ŠTUBŇOVÁ
MICHAL LEVICKÝ
Ústav ekonomiky a manažmentu
Fakulta prírodných vied
Univerzita Konštantína Filozofa v Nitre
Institute of Economics and Management
Faculty of Natural Sciences
Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra
 Tr. A. Hlinku 1, 949 74 Nitra, Slovak Republic
E-mail: murbanikova@ukf.sk, mstubnova@ukf.sk, mlevicky@ukf.sk
Annotation
In addition to the automotive industry, Shared Service Centers (SSCs) and Business Process Outsourcing Centers
(BPOs) form an important part of the Slovak economy and have a significant impact on the development of
individual regions. The SSC & BPO sector, which is one of the fastest growing sectors of the Slovak economy,
brings investments, creates economic growth, cultural exchange and provides job opportunities with higher added
value. The growth of professional employment in the regions is a key component of the Slovak Republic's
development. The aim of the paper is to analyze SSC & BPOs as a creator of new job opportunities in the regions
of Slovakia on the basis of their structure, the number of SSC & BPOs in regions and number of employees. We
are also examining factors that significantly affect investors in choosing a region. Based on the results of the
correlation analysis, it can be stated that factors such as the number of universities, quality of airline connections,
the number of economically active residents with university education and quality of road infrastructure in the
region significantly influence investors' decisions to create SSC & BPOs. SSC & BPOs are major employers,
contribute to education and develop the economy of cities. Third-generation SSC & BPOs are also emerging in
Slovakia, they are focused on science and research, especially in the area of information technology.
Key words
Shared Service Centers, Business Process Outsourcing Centers, regions, economy, employment
Anotácia
Popri automobilovom priemysle tvoria centrá zdieľaných služieb (SSC) a centrá podnikových služieb (BPO)
významnú súčasť Slovenskej ekonomiky a majú výrazný vplyv na rozvoj jednotlivých regiónov. Sektor SSC & BPO,
ktorý patrí k najrýchlejšie rastúcim odvetviam slovenskej ekonomiky, prináša investície, vytvára ekonomický rast,
kultúrnu výmenu a poskytuje pracovné príležitosti s vyššou pridanou hodnotou. Rast odbornej zamestnanosti v
regiónoch je kľúčovým komponentom rozvoja Slovenska. Cieľom článku je na základe využitia kvantitatívnych
metód analyzovať SSC & BPO centrá ako tvorcu nových pracovných príležitostí v regiónoch Slovenska z pohľadu
ich štruktúry, počtu v regiónoch a počtu zamestnancov. Skúmame tiež faktory, ktoré výrazne ovplyvňujú investorov
pri výbere regiónu. Na základe výsledkov korelačnej analýzy možno konštatovať, že faktory ako počty vysokých
škôl, kvalita leteckého spojenia, počet ekonomicky aktívnych obyvateľov s vysokoškolským vzdelaním a kvalita
cestnej infraštruktúry v regióne významne ovplyvňujú rozhodnutia investorov pri vytváraní SSC & BPO centier.
SSC & BPO centrá sú významnými zamestnávateľmi, prispievajú k vzdelanosti a rozvíjajú ekonomiku miest. Aj na
Slovensku vznikajú SSC & BPO centrá tretej generácie, ktoré sú zamerané na vedu a výskum, predovšetkým v
oblasti informačných technológií.
XXII. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách Sborník příspěvků Velké Bílovice 12.–14. 6. 2019
 
54
Kľúčové slová
centrá zdieľaných služieb, centrá podnikových služieb, regióny, ekonomika, zamestnanosť
JEL classification: C10, F23, M21, O31
1. Introduction
The need to increase business profitability and efficiency requires businesses to increase service levels, reduce
costs, and innovate. According to Kedziora et al. (2018), these are the motivation for global sourcing - outsourcing,
business services, and offshoring, which have become a key aspect of business strategies. Outsourcing and process
centralization are becoming a worldwide trend, so an increase of offshored business processes can be expected to
grow. The SSC & BPOs sector is one of the fastest growing economic sectors in Slovakia. These centers already
employ nearly 40,000 people who do high value-added activities.
Slovak centers meet the definitions of Merino (2017) for international outsourcing and external offshoring.
International Outsourcing provided by Shared Service Centers (SSCs) is defined as the execution of specific tasks
(e.g., financial services and accounting, IT support, human resources services) supporting core activity of the
company to its organizational unit in a different location. External offshoring provided by Process Outsourcing
Centers (BPOs) is defined as the offshoring of business process services and related responsibilities to third agents,
which are based in a different location.
The reasons for the arrival of SSC & BPOs in Slovakia in the past was mainly low wage and transaction costs and
a skilled workforce with good language skills (Urbaníková, 2017). SSC & BPOs started in Slovakia with simple
activities such as invoice processing and client registration. Common, transactional functions are gradually leaving
Slovak centers, replaced by more complex and activities. More and more centers are being created to bring higher
added-value to the customer, such as testing, service implementation, and marketing. Recently, research and
development centers (R&D) have also emerged in Slovakia. According to Manning et al. (2008), the growing
number of such centers in the world lead to "a new trend in global sourcing of science and engineering (S & E)
talent." Today, the centers consider a flexible and strong skilled workforce, as well as the internally built knowhow
and experience, as the main competitive advantage of Slovakia. Budzyńska (2016) considers Slovakia as one
of the main European competitors of Poland in the SSC & BPOs sector. Nowadays, the Slovak market is far from
providing cheap labor and centers providing only transaction services are not created anymore. That is why our
employees have to offer something more - and therefore they must be able to compete in highly sophisticated
activities such as Big Data, behavior prediction models, cybersecurity, comprehensive financial analysis, and
reporting. The slight slowdown in the SSC & BPOs sector growth in Slovakia is related to automation, where some
routine activities are replaced by automated ones. Nevertheless, SSC & BPOs are a strong and important sector of
the Slovak economy. The growth of professional employment in the regions is a key component of Slovakia's
development. In addition to the increase in the number of centers in Bratislava and Košice, new centers are being
established in smaller cities, alongside regional and university cities, there are smaller cities in which a foreign
investor usually has an existing production facility, which will be extended by processing of internal services such
as financial or accounting activities. An example is Osram - manufacturer of luminaires, PSA Groupe Slovakia automotive
production plant, Embraco - compressor producer, and Johnson Controls or Adient - automotive
suppliers. The presence of centers in the regions is important in terms of stabilizing the activities of foreign
investors in Slovakia, as well as creating job opportunities. Especially for these reasons, the government of the
Slovak Republic undertook to support the sector in its program statement and in the summer of 2016 adopted the
Strategy of the Support of Shared Service Centers in Slovakia. The government continues in its support of new
forms of business, such as supporting the business of beginning startups, which the Ministry of Economy of the
Slovak Republic began in 2015 (Hudáková, 2018). Creating a favorable legislative and regulatory environment,
that will increase Slovakia's competitive advantage over neighboring countries, can help to maximize the potential
of SSC & BPOs. The competitive advantage of Slovakia lies mainly in economic and political stability,
geographical location, strong skilled labor, and the European currency. Despite the rising cost of labor, most
investors remain and a large number of them are expanding their activities, which is thanks to their positive
experience with entrepreneuring in Slovakia. SSC & BPOs in Slovakia can also use two basic forms of investment
support, such as investment aid under Act no. 561/2007 Z.z. on Investment Aid and also programs to support
foreign investors in Slovakia under the responsibility of the Slovak Investment and Trade Development Agency
(SARIO). Support for innovative ideas in the Slovak business sector is also covered by the Innovations and
Technologies Fund, which was established in cooperation with the Slovak Business Agency (Korenková, 2018).
XXII. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách Sborník příspěvků Velké Bílovice 12.–14. 6. 2019
 
55
2. Aim and research methods
SSC & BPOs are an extremely strong and important sector of the Slovak economy. Their main benefits are in
increasing the stability and added-value of existing foreign investment, increasing professional employment in the
regions, employing young people or supporting the non-industrial economy. Based on the use of quantitative
methods in the paper, we analyze secondary data on SSC & BPOs in individual regions of Slovakia in terms of
their number in the territory, structure, and number of employees. Based on the correlation analysis, we examine
as selected factors: the number of universities, the quality of airline connections, the quality of road infrastructure,
the number of economically active residents and the number of economically active residents with university
education in each region, influencing investors' decisions to create SSC & BPO centers. The data used in the work
were obtained from the public sources of the Ministry of Economy of the Slovak Republic, Slovak Investment and
Trade Development Agency (SARIO), Business Service Centers Forum (BSCF), Association of Business Service
Leaders in the Czech Republic (ABSL), statistical office of the European Union Eurostat, public database of
Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic STATdat, the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the
Slovak Republic, TREND Analyses, Airport Bratislava, Airport Košice and Airport Poprad-Tatry. Calculations
were performed in Excel.
3. Research results
In 2016, the Ministry of Economy of the SR recorded 48 SSC & BPOs, which employed 30 000 employees in
Slovakia. Thanks to the arrival of new investors, expansion of existing centers, the Ministry of Economy of the
SR has already registered 65 SSC & BPOs at the end of 2018, which have 75 offices in individual regions of
Slovakia with 35 800 employees. This represents a 19.3 % increase. These centers are mostly subsidiaries of
multinationals companies. The development of the number of SSC & BPOs sector’s employees is shown in
figure 1.
Fig. 1: Number of employees in Slovak SSC and BPO centers
Source: Own elaboration based on data from the Ministry of Economy of the Slovak Republic.
According to the Ministry of Economy of the SR new centers are being established in smaller cities in addition to
the increase in the number of centers in Bratislava and Košice, alongside regional and university cities, there are
smaller cities in which a foreign investor usually has an existing production facility, which will be extended by
processing of internal services. Placement of offices of SSC & BPOs in the Slovak region is shown in figure 2. In
Bratislava region, there are currently forty-eight of these centers, eleven in Košice region, five in Trnava region,
three in Trenčín region and Nitra region, two in Žilina region and Banská Bystrica region and one in Prešov region.
2016 2017 2018
30000
32500
35800
XXII. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách Sborník příspěvků Velké Bílovice 12.–14. 6. 2019
 
56
Fig. 2: Number of SSC and BPO centers in Slovak regions in 2018
Source: Own elaboration based on data from SARIO.
The presence of centers in the regions is important in terms of stabilizing the activities of foreign investors in
Slovakia, as well as creating job opportunities. The first centers were established in Slovakia after 1990, the biggest
increase occurred after 2000. IBM, which provided work to 5 130 employees in Bratislava in 2016, with an annual
increase of almost 14 %, belongs to the centers with the largest number of employees. Second place is T-Systems
Slovakia, which is based in Košice and employs almost 3 900 people and this year the number of employees could
exceed 4 000. It is also the second largest private employer in Košice (after U. S. Steele). On the third place is
AT&T, which offers work to more than 3 400 employees in Bratislava, with an annual increase of almost 13 %. It
is worth mentioning the expansion of companies such as Swiss Re, which annually grew by almost 27 % and
Amazon, which in 2016 increased the number of employees by 30 % from 650 to 850. in 2017. In table 1, we can
see a list of the 10 largest centers in Slovakia in 2017.
Tab. 1: List of the biggest SSC & BPOs in Slovakia in 2017
Sr. No. Company Name of the center Sr. No. Company Name of the center
1
IBM International
Services Centre, s.r.o.,
Bratislava
International Services
Centre
6
Henkel Slovensko,
s.r.o., Bratislava
Shared Service Center
Bratislava
2
T-Systems Slovakia,
s.r.o., Košice
Global Nearshore
Centre
7
Johnson Controls
International, s.r.o.,
Bratislava 2
Bratislava Business
Center
3
AT&T Global
Network Services
Slovakia, s.r.o.,
Bratislava
Service Delivery
Shared Service Center
8
DXC Technology
Bratislava 3
DXC Technology
Bratislava
4 Dell, s.r.o., Bratislava
Global Business
Centre
9
Accenture
Technology Solutions
– Slovakia, s.r.o.,
Bratislava
Advanced
Technology Center
5
Swiss Re
Management AG,
organizačná zložka
Bratislava
Swiss Re Bratislava 10
Siemens, s.r.o.,
Bratislava / Siemens
Healthcare, s.r.o.,
Bratislava
Siemens/Siemens
Healthcare
Source: Own elaboration based on data from TREND Analyses.
SSC & BPOs perform a wide range of activities in Slovakia. These include financial services and accounting, IT
services, customer service, human resources services, sales and order processing, purchasing and more. The share
of individual activities of the Slovak SSC & BPOs is shown in figure 3.
XXII. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách Sborník příspěvků Velké Bílovice 12.–14. 6. 2019
 
57
Fig. 3: Area of operation of Slovak SSC and BPO centers
Source: Own elaboration based on data from SARIO.
In the area of customer service, the main activities are the support of existing customers, purchase and logistics,
sales support, handling of complaints and claims and customer helpdesk. Financial services include in particular
financial planning and budgeting, debt and payroll processing, accounting, corporate reporting and control, master
data management and billing. In IT, application design and development, user assistance services, application
lifecycle management, infrastructure management, and support, service automation and optimization, and other
support services. In the area of human resources, SSC & BPOs mainly recruit talent, process mobility, rewards,
and benefits. The sector in which SSC & BPOs operate is very dynamic. Thanks to the positive experience with
the concentration of purchasing, ordering, and technical support services, the SSC & BPOs are gradually involving
in other activities. Therefore, it is possible to expect an increase in services provided, for example in the field of
cybersecurity, logistics, banking, and insurance processes and others. According to SARIO (2019), in terms of
geographical coverage, Slovak SSC & BPOs provide services for companies based in Europe (60%), North
America (34%), Asia (4%) and South America (2%).
According to the BSCF’s 2017 survey regarding qualification of employees, 71% of SSC & BPOs employees have
a university degree. In addition to the English language, these centers most often use German, French, Russian
and Spanish. Other languages are also used, especially Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Hungarian and Dutch. The
percentage of individual languages in SSC & BPOs is shown in figure 4.
Fig. 4: Languages used at Slovak SSC and BPO centers
Source: Own elaboration based on data from the Business Service Center Forum.
Knowledge of two or more foreign languages is a great advantage for job seekers in SSC & BPOs. According to
Eurostat's 2019 survey, 64% of Slovaks have this competitive advantage in 2016. The survey results are shown in
figure 5.
100%
89%
75% 71% 71% 68%
57% 57%
42% 42%
28%
17% 17% 17% 17%
XXII. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách Sborník příspěvků Velké Bílovice 12.–14. 6. 2019
 
58
Fig. 5: Number of foreign languages spoken by Slovaks (self-reported) 2016
Source: Own elaboration based on data from Eurostat.
SSC & BPOs in Slovakia also employ foreigners, mostly from European countries, but according to BSCF (2017),
almost 89% of employees are citizens of the Slovak Republic. This is in contrast with the Czech Republic, where
up to 35% of foreigners work on average, according to the Association of Business Service Leaders in the Czech
Republic (ABSL, 2019). In terms of age structure, Slovak centers employ mostly young people, according to
SARIO (2019), the average age of employees is 32 years. The SSC & BPOs sector has a balanced gender structure,
48% of women and 52% of men work in it. The disadvantage of Slovakia compared to the Czech Republic or
Poland is the lower number of last year students and graduates who represent the biggest source of new talent for
SSC & BPOs. In 2017 there were 34 504 university graduates entering the Slovak labor market. Figure 6 shows
their percentage representation in individual regions of Slovakia.
Fig. 6: Percentage of university graduates in the region of Slovakia in 2017
Source: Own elaboration based on data from SARIO.
According to BSCF (2017) statistics, the average wage in 2015 was 1660 Euros, for 2017 it was 1730 Euros, an
increase of 4.2%. The centers in Bratislava and Košice are responding to the lack of workforce and increasing
competition by providing extra bonuses for working in selected foreign languages, language combinations, foreign
working hours and more. The increase in the average wage is also related to the change in the nature of the services
provided.
We examined the strength of statistical dependence of the number of SSC & BPOs on selected factors by
correlation analysis. Examined factors are the number of universities, the quality of airline connections – number
of weekly departures at international airports with regular transport, the quality of road infrastructure - the density
of motorway and expressway network in proportion to the area of the region, the number of economically active
residents and the number of economically active residents with university education in each region. The strength
of linear dependence was measured by a sample correlation coefficient 𝑟:
𝑟
∑
∑ ∑
,
where 𝑋 , 𝑌 ′, … , 𝑋 , 𝑌 ′ is a choice from some two-dimensional distribution,
𝑋 ∑ 𝑋 ,
𝑌 ∑ 𝑌.
XXII. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách Sborník příspěvků Velké Bílovice 12.–14. 6. 2019
 
59
Numbers of SSC & BPOs offices in each region were obtained from the Ministry of Economy of the SR and
SARIO, numbers of universities in each region were obtained from the Ministry of Education, Science, Research,
and Sport of SR, numbers of weekly departures at international airports with regular transport were obtained from
Airport Bratislava, Airport Košice and Airport Poprad-Tatry, data about the density of motorway and expressway
network in proportion to the area of each region were obtained from SARIO, numbers of economically active
residents in each region and numbers of economically active residents with university education in each region
were obtained from STATdat. The sample correlation coefficient values for the selected factors are shown in table
2:
Tab. 2: Results of correlation analysis
Factor
Number of
universities
Quality of
airline
connections
Quality of road
infrastructure
Number of
economically
active residents
Number of
economically
active residents
with university
education
𝑟 0.982419 0.940291 0.881434 0.146758 0.933388
Source: Own elaboration based on own calculation.
We can state that the number of universities in the region, the quality of airline connection in the region and the
number of economically active residents with university education in the region have the greatest influence on the
location of SSC & BPOs offices in the regions of Slovakia. The high dependence has also been observed at the
quality of the road infrastructure of the regions, while there is weak dependence between the number of SSC &
BPOs and the total number of economically active population in the region.
3. Conclusion
The development of SSC & BPOs is mainly related to the globalization of the world economy. The SSC & BPOs
sector is the fastest growing economic sector thanks to internetization and digitization of processes. Internetization
and the interconnection of business processes allow employees to work in different parts of the world in real time
on the same task. The benefits of SS & BPOs are seen in increasing the stability and added-value of existing
foreign investment, when a foreign investor starts with a basic industrial production in Slovakia and, over time,
transfers more activities that are of a high professional standard to Slovak centers. SSC & BPOs often process
financial services and IT services where foreign companies bring their know-how. Slovak SSC & BPOs are doing
high-level work with higher added-value, whether in finance or IT. Thereby they develop non-industrial or nonproductive
sectors of the economy. As a result, there is a decline in direct employment in the industry and a gradual
wiping out borders between sectors. The spectrum of companies with their SSC & BPOs in Slovakia is expanding
every year. These companies are operating in the telecommunications, IT, insurance, food industry, automotive,
engineering and other industries. At the same time, this diversity of foreign companies guarantees stability, as
individual business cycles are different for each sector. A key trend that can be observed is the change in the scope
of services. In the past, SSC & BPOs have focused mainly on centralizing individual processes, and today the
emphasis is on improving and optimizing processes through innovation. For example, automation and robotics are
used, which means that employees do not have to perform routine activities and instead they may concentrate on
solving tasks with higher added-value. For example, testing new strategies is such a type of activity.
Increasing professional employment in the regions is as well a very important benefit. Investors are also starting
to be interested in other Slovak cities than Bratislava and Košice. They come to cities like Banská Bystrica, Prešov,
and Žilina. With the development of SSC & BPOs, there is a demand for a university-educated workforce in these
cities, which means that especially young people will not have to move for work in Bratislava or Košice. Based
on the results of the correlation analysis, we can conclude that the following factors influence the inflow of SSC
& BPOs into individual regions: the number of universities, the quality of airline connections – number of weekly
departures at international airports with regular transport, the quality of road infrastructure - the density of
motorway and expressway network in proportion to the area of the region and the number of economically active
residents with university education in each region. In regard to the increasing number of SSC & BPOs in Slovakia,
there is growing competition among them, which means that they must offer increasingly attractive working
conditions. In addition to technical, communication, digital and soft skills, working in SSC & BPOs secondary
contributes to improving foreign language levels and learning about other cultures. Important aspects affecting the
development of SSC & BPOs are the forthcoming departure of the United Kingdom from the EU, which may
entail the transfer of financial and administrative services to other European countries. The second important aspect
XXII. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách Sborník příspěvků Velké Bílovice 12.–14. 6. 2019
 
60
is the effectiveness of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) since May 2018, which lays down the
obligation to store and process personal data of European Union citizens locally, in the EU member states.
Literature
[1] ASSOCIATION OF BUSINESS SERVICE LEADERS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC (ABSL), (2019). ABSL
Report 2019. [online]. [accessed 2019-03-20]. Available at: https://www.absl.cz/download/9414/.
[2] BUDZYŃSKA, K., (2016). Offshoring Sector in Poland. Oeconomia Copernican, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 635-651.
ISSN 2353-1827. DOI 10.12775/OeC.2016.035.
[3] BUSINESS SERVICE CENTERS FORUM (BSCF), (2017). BSC2017 flyer eng. [online]. [accessed 2019-
03-14]. Available at:
http://www.amcham.sk/download.pl?hash=mAfMawCcpGusMtfugcbESbJZa4bwm9wV&ID=4822.
[4] EUROSTAT, (2019). Number of foreign languages known (self-reported) by sex. [online]. [accessed 2019-
03-20]. Available at: http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=edat_aes_l21&lang=en.
[5] HUDÁKOVÁ, J., (2018). Startups support in Slovak Republic. In XXI. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních
vědách. Sborník příspěvků. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, pp. 149-154. ISBN 978-80-210-8970-9. DOI
10.5817/CZ.MUNI.P210-8970-2018-18.
[6] KEDZIORA, D., et al., (2018). Employee Development and Leadership Perception in the Polish Service
Delivery Centres. Foundations of Management, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 225-236. ISSN 2080-7279. DOI
10.2478/fman-2018-0017.
[7] KORENKOVÁ, M. (2018). Podnikateľské minimum. Nitra: Univerzita Konštantína Filozofa v Nitre. ISBN
978-80-558-1298-4.
[8] MANNING, S., et al., (2008). A Dynamic Perspective on Next-Generation Offshoring: The Global Sourcing
of Science and Engineering Talent. Academy of Management Perspectives, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 35-54. ISSN
1943-4529. DOI 10.5465/AMP.2008.34587994.
[9] MERINO, F., (2017). Offshoring, outsourcing and the economic geography of Europe. Papers in Regional
Science, vol. 96, no. 2, pp. 299-324. ISSN 1435-5957. DOI 10.1111/pirs.12207.
[10]MINISTRY OF ECONOMY OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC, (2016). Koncepcia podpory centier
podnikových služieb na Slovensku. [online]. [accessed 2019-03-07]. Available at:
https://www.mhsr.sk/uploads/files/cSmjK0ZS.pdf.
[11]MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, SCIENCE, RESEARCH AND SPORT OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC,
(2019). Vysoké školy v Slovenskej republike. [online]. [accessed 2019-03-18]. Available at:
https://www.minedu.sk/vysoke-skoly-v-slovenskej-republike/.
[12]SLOVAK INVESTMENT AND TRADE DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (SARIO), (2019). Shared Service &
Business Process Outsourcing Centers in Slovakia. [online]. [accessed 2019-03-07]. Available at:
https://www.sario.sk/sites/default/files/content/files/sario-ssc-bpo-centers-in-slovakia-2018-09-20.pdf.
[13]STATDAT, (2019, a). Ekonomicky aktívne obyvateľstvo podľa veku. [online]. [accessed 2019-03-18].
Available at: http://statdat.statistics.sk/cognosext/cgi-
bin/cognos.cgi?b_action=cognosViewer&ui.action=run&ui.object=storeID(%22i951D49E4FD0A4C649B8
FFDB37E22953A%22)&ui.name=Ekonomicky%20akt%c3%advne%20obyvate%c4%bestvo%20pod%c4%
bea%20veku%20%5bpr3104qr%5d&run.outputFormat=&run.prompt=true&cv.header=false&ui.backURL=
%2fcognosext%2fcps4%2fportlets%2fcommon%2fclose.html.
[14]STATDAT, (2019, s). Ekonomicky aktívne obyvateľstvo podľa vzdelania. [online]. [accessed 2019-03-18].
Available at: http://statdat.statistics.sk/cognosext/cgi-
bin/cognos.cgi?b_action=cognosViewer&ui.action=run&ui.object=storeID(%22i99183B00ED2043AE879D
10D0BC4E85B5%22)&ui.name=Ekonomicky%20akt%c3%advne%20obyvate%c4%bestvo%20pod%c4%b
ea%20vzdelania%20%5bpr3103qr%5d&run.outputFormat=&run.prompt=true&cv.header=false&ui.backU
RL=%2fcognosext%2fcps4%2fportlets%2fcommon%2fclose.html.
[15]TREND ANALYSES, (2017). Najväčšie servisné centrá na Slovensku. [online]. [accessed 2019-03-20].
Available at: https://www.etrend.sk/trend-archiv/rok-2017/cislo-16/servisne-centra-1.html.
[16]URBANÍKOVÁ, M., (2017). Centrá zdieľaných služieb a ich vplyv na regióny. In XX. mezinárodní kolokvium
o regionálních vědách. Sborník příspěvků. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, pp. 133-138. ISBN 978-80-210-
8587-9. DOI 10.5817/CZ.MUNI.P210-8587-2017-16.
This paper was supported by the University Grant Agency of Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra
UGA no. VII/16/2019.