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Welcome to Clinical anatomy of the head, neck and neuronal pathways
Lecture #13
Department of Anatomy
MUNI, MED
Alemeh Zamani, Ph.D.
Spring 2024
Arrangement and function of the autonomic nervous system
Functions:
o Contraction and relaxation of smooth muscles
o Function of all exocrine glands
o Heart rate
o Some metabolic processes
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Sympathetic:
Thoracolumbar outflow
T1-L2
Parasympathetic:
Craniosacral outflow
CN III, VII, IX, X & S2-S4
Autonomic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System
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Sympathetic Nervous System
Catabolic reaction (activities that are mobilized during emergency and stress situations
Fight or Flight
Generalized reaction of body
o Coronary artery
o Increase heart rate
o Bronchodilation
o Mydriasis
o Sweat secretion
o Glycemia
Anatomical Organization of the Sympathetic Preganglionic and Postganglionic Axons
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Parasympathetic Nervous System
Anabolic reactions (activities associated with conservation and
restoration of body resources
Rest and Digest
Localized reaction of body
o Decrease heart rate
o Bronchoconstriction
o GIT activation
o Miosis
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Pathways distributing visceral sensory information in the brain Pathways that control autonomic responses
Central parts of Autonomic Nervous System
Central parts of Autonomic Nervous System
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Innervation of the Eye
The sphincter pupillae is supplied by
parasympathetic nerves.
The dilator pupillae is supplied by
sympathetic nerves.
Pupilary Light Reflex
A reflex that controls the diameter of the pupil, in response to the intensity of light (luminance) that falls on
the retina of the eye
o mydriasis: dilation of the pupil
o miosis: constriction of the pupil
o direct response
o consensual response
o anisocoria
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o Accommodation reflex involves convergence (voluntary),
pupillary constriction and accommodation (involuntary).
Edinger-Westphal nuclei → oculomotor nerve → ciliary ganglion → short ciliary nerves → sphincter pupillae and ciliaris
Accommodation Reflex
o Changing the radius of curvature of the lens to focus
the world on the retina.
Reading list
Thank you very much for your attention