NARRATIVES
- telling of a sequence of connected events
- relation between the events
- beginning and ending, a point, a purpose
Narratology -- what all narratives have in common
-distinction between what happened and how it is told (V.
Schklovsky):
    story                    narration
    fabule                   syžet
- question of ordering events (e.g. flashback)
- making sense of events
Narratives always told by someone -- narrator not the same as
author -- a fictional construction, a "voice" -- has a point of
view
Narratives are typically about a change:
situation A       changes into  situation B
lack        leads to     restoration

ignorance                    wisdom
innocence                    experience
unity and coherence -- closure, "tying up" the narrative
narratives often "bracketed" or "framed" -- orientation and coda
Building blocks of narratives -- basic components (types of
characters and types of events, types of lack and restoration,
ways of getting the narrative from beginning to the end)
William Labov:
  1.  abstract: what, in a nutshell, is the story about?
  2.  orientation: who, when, where, what?
3.  complicating action: then what happened?
4.  evaluation: so what, how is this interesting?
  5.  result or resolution: what finally happened?
  6.  coda: bridging back to the present
Vladimir Propp: Morphology of a Folk Tale (1928)
32 situations

                           Charaters
Individuals involved in the described events, associated with a
particular role, often repeated from story to story (detective,
princess, the monster, the town drunk) and function in the
narrative
Propp: 7 functions (adversary, donor, helper, czar, his
daughter, sender, hero, false hero)

Types of characters:
Positive/negative
Main/minor
Flat/round    (E.M. Forster: Aspects of the Novel)