看病 Seeing a Doctor kàn bìng Li Xin Yu 病人 bìng rén patient 病 bìng illness; to become ill 医院 yī yuàn hospital 看病 kàn bìng to see a doctor; (of a doctor) to see a patient 肚子 dù zi belly;abdomen 疼死 téng sǐ really painful 疼 téng aching 夜里 yè li at night 好 hǎo jǐ quite a few 厕所 cè suǒ restroom,toilt 冰箱 bīng xiāng refrigerator 发烧 fā shāo to have a fever 躺下 tǎng xia to lie down 躺 tǎng to lie 检查 jiǎn chá to examine 吃坏 chī huài to get sick because of bad food 坏 huài bad 打针 dǎ zhēn to get an injection 针 zhēn needle 药 yào medicine “To take medicine” is 吃药(chī yào), literally “to eat medicine.” A more formal expression is 服药(fú yào), which is commonly written on prescriptions and prescription instructions. 片 piàn (measure word for tablet; slice) 遍 piàn (measure word for complete courses of an action or instances of an action) 1.读两遍课文。 dú liǎng biàn kèwén. Read the text twice. 2.这部电影我看了三遍。 zhè bù diànyǐng wǒ kànle sān biàn. I watched this movie three times. 最好 zuì hǎo had better 小时 xiǎo shí hour 办法 bàn fǎ method; way(of doing something) 死 sǐ to die;(a complement indicating an extreme degree) 1.死(sǐ) Indicating an Extreme Degree Placed after an adjective, 死(sǐ) can serve as a complement to indicate an extreme degree of the condition named by the adjective. 1.打针疼死了。( It`s extremely painful to get a shot.) dǎ zhēn téng sǐ le. Adj+死+了:Extreme Degree 1.死(sǐ) Indicating an Extreme Degree Placed after an adjective, 死(sǐ) can serve as a complement to indicate an extreme degree of the condition named by the adjective. 2.我饿死了。( I`m starving.) wǒ è sǐ le. 1.死(sǐ) Indicating an Extreme Degree Placed after an adjective, 死(sǐ) can serve as a complement to indicate an extreme degree of the condition named by the adjective. 2.我渴死了。( I am thirsty) wǒ kě sǐ le. 1.死(sǐ) Indicating an Extreme Degree Placed after an adjective, 死(sǐ) can serve as a complement to indicate an extreme degree of the condition named by the adjective. 3.今天热死了。(It`s awfully hot today.) jīn tiān rè sǐ le. 1.死(sǐ) Indicating an Extreme Degree Placed after an adjective, 死(sǐ) can serve as a complement to indicate an extreme degree of the condition named by the adjective. 3.今天冷死了。(It`s awfully cold today.) jīn tiān lěng sǐ le. 1.死(sǐ) Indicating an Extreme Degree 死(sǐ) often follows an adjective with a pejorative meaning and therefore the combination carries a negative connotation, as shown in the examples above. Occasionally, however, it may also be used in a positive context. 4.知道了这件事，他高兴死了。 zhī dào le zhè jiàn shì, tā gāo xìng sǐ le. He was tickled pink when he learned about this. pejorative adj +死+了（often） 1.死(sǐ) Indicating an Extreme Degree Most complimentary adjectives cannot be followed by 死(sǐ). People therefore seldom say: 5.那件衣服漂亮死了。(X) nà jiàn yī fu piào liang sǐ le. 6.他跟他女朋友好死了。(X) tā gēn tā nǚ péng you hǎo sǐ le. 2.Times of Actions 次(cì) is the measure word most frequently used to indicate that an action is performed a certain number of times. The “number+次(cì)” combination follows the verb.（Verb+了+number+次） 1.上午我打了两次电话。 shàng wǔ wǒ dǎ le liǎng cì diàn huà. I made two phone calls in the morning. 2.Times of Actions 次(cì) is the measure word most frequently used to indicate that an action is performed a certain number of times. The “number+次(cì)” combination follows the verb.（Verb+了+number+次） 2. 昨天我吃了三次药。 zuó tiān wǒ chī le sān cì yào. I took the medicine three times yesterday. 2.Times of Actions If the object is not a person or a place, 次(cì) should be placed between the verb and the object. If the object represents a person or a place, 次(cì) can go either between the verb and the object or after the object. 2.Times of Actions If the object is not a person or a place, 次(cì) should be placed between the verb and the object. If the object represents a person or a place, 次(cì) can go either between the verb and the object or after the object. 3. A: 去年我去了一次中国。你呢？ qù nián wǒ qù le yí cì zhōng guó. nǐ ne？ Last year I went to China once. How about you? B: 去年我去了中国两次。 qù nián wǒ qù le zhōng guó liǎng cì. Last year I went to China twice. 2.Times of Actions If the object is not a person or a place, 次(cì) should be placed between the verb and the object. If the object represents a person or a place, 次(cì) can go either between the verb and the object or after the object. 4. A: 昨天我找了三次王医生。 zuó tiān wǒ zhǎo le sān cì wáng yī shēng. I went looking for Dr. Wang three times yesterday. B: 是吗？昨天我也找了王医生三次。 shì ma ？zuó tiān wǒ yě zhǎo le wáng yī shēng sān cì. Is that right ? I also went looking for Dr. Wang three times yesterday. 2.Times of Actions If the object is a personal pronoun, however, 次(cì) must follow the object. 5. 我昨天找了他两次，他都不在。 wǒ zuó tiān zhǎo le tā liǎng cì, tā dōu bú zài. Yesterday I went looking for him twice, but he was not in either time. 2.Times of Actions 2.Times of Actions 遍(biàn) is another measure word for occurrences of actions, but it pertains to the entire course of the action from the beginning to the end. 6. 请你念一遍课文。 qǐng nǐ niàn yí biàn kè wén. Please read the text [from the beginning to the end] once. 2.Times of Actions Nouns denoting body parts involved in the actions can also sometimes serve as measure words for occurrences of actions. （uncommon） 昨天晚上我吃了几口... zuó tiān wǎn shang wǒ chī le jǐ kǒu ... I ate a few mouthfuls last night... 3.起来(qǐ lai) 起来(qǐ lai) indicates the moment when something static becomes dynamic, that is, it signifies the beginning of an action or state. 1. 我们一见面就聊了起来。 wǒ men yí jiàn miàn jiù liáo le qǐ lai. We began chatting as soon as we met. 2. 他一回家就写起信来。 tā yì huí jiā jiù xiě qi xìn lai. He began to write a letter as soon as he got home. 3.起来(qǐ lai) 起来(qǐ lai) indicates the moment when something static becomes dynamic, that is, it signifies the beginning of an action or state. 3. 下了课以后，学生们打起球来。 xià le kè yǐ hòu, xué sheng men dǎ qi qiú lai. The students started to play ball after the class was over. Note that the object is placed between 起(qi) and 来(lai), rather than after 起来(qǐ lai).Verb+起+object+来 打球起来（X）打起球来（V） 4.把(bǎ) Construction(I) In general, a sentence in the 把(bǎ) construction highlights the subject`s disposal of or impact upon the object, with the result of the disposal or impact indicated by the element following the verb. 1.我把你要的书找到了。 wǒ bǎ nǐ yào de shū zhǎo le. I have found the books that you wanted. [ The resultative complement 到(dào) serves as the “other element.”] Subject + 把(bǎ) + Object + Verb + Other Element (Complement/了[le], etc) In (1), the subject 我exerts an impact on the book through the action of 找(zhǎo), of which 到(dào) is the result. 4.把(bǎ) Construction(I) In general, a sentence in the 把(bǎ) construction highlights the subject`s disposal of or impact upon the object, with the result of the disposal or impact indicated by the element following the verb. 2.你把这个字写错了。 nǐ bǎ zhè ge zì xiě cuò le. You wrote this character incorrectly. [ The resultative complement 错(cuò) serves as the “other element.” Subject + 把(bǎ) + Object + Verb + Other Element (Complement/了[le], etc) In (2), the subject 你 exerts an impact on the character through the action of 写(xiě), of which 错(cuò) is the result. 4.把(bǎ) Construction(I) 3.请把那条裤子给我。 qǐng bǎ nà tiáo kù zi gěi wǒ . Please pass me that pair of pants. [The indirect object 我 serves as the “other element.”] 4.你把这篇课文看看。 nǐ bǎ zhè piān kè wén kàn kan. Would you take a look at this text? [The reduplicated verb 看 serves as the “other element.”] Subject + 把(bǎ) + Object + Verb + Other Element (Complement/了[le], etc) 4.把(bǎ) Construction(I) 5.把这杯咖啡喝了！ bǎ zhè bēi kā fēi hē le ！ Finish up this cup of coffee! [The particle 了(le) serves as the “other element.”] 6.你怎么把女朋友的生日忘了？ nǐ zěn me bǎ nǚ péng you de shēng rì wàng le ？ How did you manage to forget your girlfriend`s birthday? [The particle 了(le) serves as the “other element.”] Subject + 把(bǎ) + Object + Verb + Other Element (Complement/了[le], etc) 4.把(bǎ) Construction(I) In the 把(bǎ) construction, the object is often something already known to both the speaker and the listener. For example, 你要的书(nǐ yào de shū) in (1), 这个字(zhè ge zì) in (2), 那个裤子(nà tiáo kù zi) in (3), and 女朋友的生日(nǚ péng you de shēng rì) in (6) are all things that are already known. Subject + 把(bǎ) + Object + Verb + Other Element (Complement/了[le], etc) 4.把(bǎ) Construction(I) 7.老王给了小张一些钱。 lǎo wáng gěi le xiǎo zhāng yì xiē qián. Old Wang gave Little Zhang some money. 8.老王把钱给小张了。 lǎo wáng bǎ qián gěi xiǎo zhāng le. Old Wang gave the money to Little Zhang. The object in (7) ,”some money,” is unspecified. However, in (8), the speaker expects the listener to know what money is being referred to. 4.把(bǎ) Construction(I) 7.老王给了小张一些钱。 lǎo wáng gěi le xiǎo zhāng yì xiē qián. Old Wang gave Little Zhang some money. 8.老王把钱给小张了。 lǎo wáng bǎ qián gěi xiǎo zhāng le. Old Wang gave the money to Little Zhang. The object in (7) ,”some money,” is unspecified. However, in (8), the speaker expects the listener to know what money is being referred to. 4.把(bǎ) Construction(I) （1）If the subject of a sentence is given （2）the object is something known to both the speaker and listener. （3）the verb is followed by a complement in the form of a prepositional phrase with 在 or 到(dào) If the condition (1)、(2)、(3) is met that sentence must appear in the 把(bǎ) construction. 4.把(bǎ) Construction(I) 你把笔放在桌子上。 nǐ bǎ bǐ fàng zài zhuō zi shang. Put the pen on the desk. 你放笔在桌子上。 nǐ fàng bǐ zài zhuō zi shàng 4.把(bǎ) Construction(I) 请你把这封信送到律师的办公室。 qǐng nǐ bǎ zhè fēng xìn sòng dào lǜ shī de bàn gōng shì. Please deliver this letter to the attorney`s office. 请你送这封信到律师的办公室。 qǐng nǐ sòng zhè fēng xìn dào lǜ shī de bàn gōng shì. 1.A combination of two adjacent numbers can be used to denote an approximate number, e,g., 五十六、七岁(wǔ shí liù, qī suì, fifty-six or fifty-seven years old), 十八、九块钱(shí bā, jiǔ kuài qián, eighteen or nineteen dollars), 三、四天(sān, sì tiān, three or four days), 两、三枝笔(liǎng, sān zhī bǐ , two or three pens). However, the numbers nine and ten cannot be used this way since it could lead to ambiguity; It would be difficult to distinguish 九、十天(jiǔ, shí tiān) from 九十天(jiǔ shí tiān) in speech. 2.前(qián, before) in 饭前(fàn qián, before meals) and 后(hòu,after) in 饭后(fàn hòu; after meals) are the shortened forms of 以前(yǐ qián, before) and 以后(yǐ hòu, after) respectively. 感冒 gǎn mào to have a cold 生病 shēng bìng to get sick 身体 shēn tǐ body;health 痒 yǎng itchy 过敏 guò mǐn to be allergic to 药店 yào diàn pharmacy 健康 jiàn kāng healthy;health 保险 bǎo xiǎn insurance 赶快 gǎn kuài right away; quickly； in a hurry 要不然 yào bù rán otherwise 上次 shàng cì last time 休息 xiū xi to take a break; to rest 懒 lǎn lazy 再说 zài shuō moreover 乱 luàn randomly; arbitrarily;messily 1.这个数字是我乱选的。 zhè ge shùzì shì wǒ luàn xuǎn de. I chose this number randomly. 2.这个房间很乱。 zhè ge fángjiān hěn luàn. This room is messy. 越来越 yuè lái yuè more and more 5. The Preposition 对(duì) The preposition 对(duì) introduces the person or thing that receives a certain effect from someone or something else. Its English translation varise depending on the context. 1. 这种药对感冒很有用。 zhè zhǒng yào duì gǎn mào hěn yǒu yòng. This medicine is very effective for colds. 2. 他的电脑对他练习发音很有用。 tā de diàn nǎo duì tā liàn xí fā yīn hěn yǒu yòng. His computer is very useful for his pronunciation practice. 3. 你一定对什么东西过敏了。 nǐ yí dìng duì shén me dōng xi guò mǐn le. You must be allergic to something. 6. 越来越...(yuè lái yuè...) The structure 越来越...(yuè lái yuè...) denotes a progressive change over time. 1. 李友的中文越来越好。 lǐ yǒu de zhōng wén yuè lái yuè hǎo. Li You`s Chinese is getting better and better. 2. 天气越来越暖和了。 tiān qì yuè lái yuè nuǎn huo le. The weather is becoming warmer and warmer. 3. 表姐考试考得越来越糟糕。 biǎo jiě kǎo shì kǎo de yuè lái yuè zāo gāo. My cousin is doing worse and worse on her exams. 7. 再说(zài shuō) 1.A:你为什么不去纽约？ nǐ wèi shén me bú qù niǔ yuē ？ Why aren`t you going to New York? B:我没有时间，再说，也没有钱。 wǒ méi yǒu shí jiān, zài shuō, yě méi yǒu qián. I don`t have the time, and besides, I don`t have the money. The expression 再说(zài shuō) introduces an additional reason for an action that has been taken or decision that has been made. It is different from 再+说(zài shuō, to say again.) 7. 再说(zài shuō) 2.我不喜欢今天晚上的舞会，音乐不好，再说人也太少。 wǒ bù xǐ huan jīn tiān wǎn shang de wǔ huì, yīn yuè bù hǎo, zài shuō rén yě tài shǎo. The expression 再说(zài shuō) introduces an additional reason for an action that has been taken or decision that has been made. It is different from 再+说(zài shuō, to say again.) 7. 再说(zài shuō) 3. A:你为什么不去纽约？ nǐ wèi shén me bú qù niǔ yuē ？ Why aren`t you going to New York? B:我没有时间，而且，也没有钱。 wǒ méi yǒu shí jiān, ér qiě, yě méi yǒu qián. I don`t have the time. Besides, I don`t have the money. Like再说(zài shuō) ,而且(ér qiě, moreover; in addition) also conveys the idea of “ furthermore,additionally,” ect., but the clause that follows it may or may not be explanatory in nature. 7. 再说(zài shuō) 4. 这是王先生，他不但是我的老师，而且也是我的朋友。 zhè shì wáng xiān sheng, tā bú dàn shì wǒ de lǎo shī, ér qiě yě shì wǒ de péng yǒu. This is Mr. Wang. He is not only my teacher but also my friend. 4a. 这是王先生，他不但是我的老师，再说也是我的朋友。（X） zhè shì wáng xiān sheng, tā bú dàn shì wǒ de lǎo shī, zài shuō yě shì wǒ de péng yǒu. 1.The two phrases 看医生(kàn yī shēng) and 看病(kàn bìng) are interchangeable, although in northern China 看病(kàn bìng) is much more common than 看医生(kàn yī shēng). 2. When tasting or trying the flavor of a food or drink, one says 我尝尝(wǒ cháng chang, Let me taste it) instead of 我试试(wǒ shì shi, Let me try), although one says 试试(shì shi) when trying most other things.