zmeny_angl •Historická ekologie českých lesů •Péter Szabó • prouzek svetle zeleny svisly •About myself •Studied linguistics and history in Budapest •Specialization in the Middle Ages, PhD in interdisciplinary medieval studies at the Central European University •Research interest (woodland historical ecology) lies between history, archaeology and ecology • Department of Medieval Archaeology at ELTE, Budapest, Hungary • Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic • • prouzek svetle zeleny svisly •www.longwood.cz prouzek svetle zeleny svisly •Aims •to combine historical, palaeoecological, vegetation ecological and archaeological data in GIS •to study woodland dynamics for the past 8000 years in a well-defined, larger study region (Moravia) with the highest resolution possible •to relate past patterns in the tree layer to patterns in the herb layer •to analyze the role of humans in woodland dynamics •to contribute to forest management and nature conservation policies • • • prouzek svetle zeleny svisly •Palaeoecology working group • long-term vegetation dynamics: past 11,000 years • focus on changes in woodland cover, composition and structure •Data sources • sedimentary pollen data (lakes and forest hollows) • 14C or 210Pb dating • pollen productivities, quantitative vegetation reconstruction P5300149 Podolanky.JPG prouzek svetle zeleny svisly •24 new or newly dates sites, 106 new 14C dates prouzek svetle zeleny svisly •Archaeology working group • past 8,000 years • focus on human activities • from coarse to precise resolution •Data sources • unpublished and published research reports mapa_komponenty_ENG prouzek svetle zeleny svisly •19,021 archaeological components coming from 7861 archaeological sites in 1685 civil parishes prouzek svetle zeleny svisly •History working group • forest extent, management and species composition since the Middle Ages • resolution: township (katastrální území) •Data sources • charters • account books • urbaria • cadastres • forest management plans • prouzek svetle zeleny svisly •50,000 pieces of information on individual forests from 465 different archival sources ranging from the 11th to the 20th centuries prouzek svetle zeleny svisly •Vegetation ecology working group • most recent history of forests in Moravia: the past century • focus on biodiversity, composition and individual species • fine resolution •Data sources • field survey • vegetation plot databases • lab measurements • GIS resources instalace čidel (1) prouzek svetle zeleny svisly •2166 semi-permanent resurveyed plots, 600 permanent plots, 168 experimental plots http://longwood.cz/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/opakovane_plochy_2014.png prouzek svetle zeleny svisly •Forest history •Jan Evangelista Chadt: •Déjiny lesů a lesnictví. 1913. 63ab282d-a96f-11e0-a5e1-0050569d679d&stream=IMG_PREVIEW&action=GETRAW prouzek svetle zeleny svisly •Historical Ecology ancientwoodland Rackham •Oliver Rackham •Forms of management in lowland temperate European woodlands prouzek svetle zeleny svisly Fire Line Art Clip Art House Outline Clip Art prouzek svetle zeleny svisly czechbeechwoods 012 prouzek svetle zeleny svisly bakony05szept 005 prouzek svetle zeleny svisly prouzek svetle zeleny svisly hus_burns • hus_burns_detail •Martinická Bible •ca. 1434 •Firewood prouzek svetle zeleny svisly prouzek svetle zelena 34 •Timber prouzek svetle zeleny svisly prouzek svetle zeleny svisly •coppice-with-standards [pařezina s výstavky] prouzek svetle zeleny svisly •wood-pasture [pastevní les] prouzek svetle zeleny svisly •high forest [vysoký les] prouzek svetle zeleny svisly •Why does woodland history matter for today’s forests? 1.It helps us understand current patterns and processes 2. 2.It fosters better informed management and policy decisions 3. 3.It places ecology, conservation and restoration in a wider (conservation and other) context prouzek svetle zeleny svisly rukopis •1384 urbarium: •“Das holcz, das do get niderhalb des wegs durich die Chlausen, das haist der Lelasch, und ist deselb zeit 2 jar alt gevesen; wann er zw 7 jarn chumpt, so schaczt mann für 36 lb. und 2 lb. ze leitchauff.” • •1692 woodland survey: • •Děvín 1.It helps us understand current patterns and processes in nature Szabó P. (2010) Driving forces of stability and change in woodland structure: A case-study from the Czech lowlands. Forest Ecology and Management 259: 650-656 prouzek svetle zeleny svisly •Müllerová J., Szabó P. & Hédl R. (2014) The rise and fall of traditional forest management in southern Moravia: A history of the past 700 years. Forest Ecology and Management 331: 104-115. •Děvín • prouzek svetle zeleny svisly •Müllerová J., Szabó P. & Hédl R. (2014) The rise and fall of traditional forest management in southern Moravia: A history of the past 700 years. Forest Ecology and Management 331: 104-115. •Děvín prouzek svetle zeleny svisly • • • • •Děvín •Altman J., Riedl V., Hédl R., Szabó P., Mazůrek M., Müllerová J., Kopecký M. & Doležal J. (2013) Tree-rings mirror management legacy: dramatic response of standard oaks to past coppicing in Central Europe. PLoS ONE: 8,2: e55770. prouzek svetle zeleny svisly •Altman J., Riedl V., Hédl R., Szabó P., Mazůrek M., Müllerová J., Kopecký M. & Doležal J. (2013) Tree-rings mirror management legacy: dramatic response of standard oaks to past coppicing in Central Europe. PLoS ONE: 8,2: e55770. •Děvín prouzek svetle zeleny svisly 2.It fosters better informed management and policy decisions •number of species per plot •Děvín prouzek svetle zeleny svisly 3.It places ecology, conservation and restoration in a wider context Obr Szabó P. (2010) Driving forces of stability and change in woodland structure: A case-study from the Czech lowlands. Forest Ecology and Management 259: 650-656; Kopecký M., Hédl R. & Szabó P. (2013) Non-random extinctions dominate plant community changes in abandoned coppices. Journal of Applied Ecology 50: 79-87; and quite a few more •Děvín prouzek svetle zeleny svisly • •Aerial photograph from 1953 •5 km •Hodonínská Dúbrava • prouzek svetle zeleny svisly MS3_konf_vek.png MS4_konf_Age.png •Pollen analyses of two shallow profiles in the Wood • • Jamrichová E., Szabó P., Hédl R., Kuneš P., Bobek P. & Pelánková B. (2013) Continuity and change in the vegetation of a Central European oakwood. Holocene 23: 46-56. prouzek svetle zeleny svisly •The name • •1350: Klečka •1370: Dúbrava dicta Klečka •1509: Dúbrava Hodonská •1531: Dúbrava Hodonská + Klečka (for the last time) •1609 and on: Dúbrava • •Hodonínská Dúbrava Jamrichová E., Szabó P., Hédl R., Kuneš P., Bobek P. & Pelánková B. (2013) Continuity and change in the vegetation of a Central European oakwood. Holocene 23: 46-56. prouzek svetle zeleny svisly •Privilegal charter of the town of Hodonín, 1350 AD “In Klečka, the burghers shall have the right to dry wood and grass, except for living oaks. Their herdsmen shall have the right to freely pasture their animals in the same Wood.” [translation from Latin original] •Hodonínská Dúbrava Jamrichová E., Szabó P., Hédl R., Kuneš P., Bobek P. & Pelánková B. (2013) Continuity and change in the vegetation of a Central European oakwood. Holocene 23: 46-56. prouzek svetle zeleny svisly •Foundation charter of the Augustinian monastery in Brno, 1370 AD (early modern copy) Jamrichová E., Szabó P., Hédl R., Kuneš P., Bobek P. & Pelánková B. (2013) Continuity and change in the vegetation of a Central European oakwood. Holocene 23: 46-56. prouzek svetle zeleny svisly •1600 AD - urbarium •firewood, pasture, pannage, mowing among trees, meadows, arable in wood, ponds, strawberry collecting • •Open woodland structure: mosaic of huge trees, grassland, meadows, ponds, even arable •Hodonínská Dúbrava Jamrichová E., Szabó P., Hédl R., Kuneš P., Bobek P. & Pelánková B. (2013) Continuity and change in the vegetation of a Central European oakwood. Holocene 23: 46-56. 1780s: separation of woodland and pasture dubrava_denyugati_resz_20090415 008 prouzek svetle zeleny svisly •Hodonínská Dúbrava 1841 1760s prouzek svetle zeleny svisly •Hodonínská Dúbrava prouzek svetle zeleny svisly MS3_konf_vek.png MS4_konf_Age.png •Pollen analyses of two shallow profiles in the Wood Jamrichová E., Szabó P., Hédl R., Kuneš P., Bobek P. & Pelánková B. (2013) Continuity and change in the vegetation of a Central European oakwood. Holocene 23: 46-56. prouzek svetle zeleny svisly •LONGWOOD forest historical geodatabase 1.Tree species composition 2.Forest extent 3.Management: tree-cutting, non-tree cutting 4. 4. • Szabó P., Suchánková S., Křížová L., Kotačka M., Kvardová M., Macek M., Müllerová J. & Brázdil R. (2018) More than trees: the challenges of creating a geodatabase to capture the complexity of forest history. Historical Methods: accepted. prouzek svetle zeleny svisly •Area and resolution Szabó P., Suchánková S., Křížová L., Kotačka M., Kvardová M., Macek M., Müllerová J. & Brázdil R. (2018) More than trees: the challenges of creating a geodatabase to capture the complexity of forest history. Historical Methods: accepted. prouzek svetle zeleny svisly Szabó P., Suchánková S., Křížová L., Kotačka M., Kvardová M., Macek M., Müllerová J. & Brázdil R. (2018) More than trees: the challenges of creating a geodatabase to capture the complexity of forest history. Historical Methods: accepted. prouzek svetle zeleny svisly •50,000 pieces of information on individual forests from 465 different archival sources ranging from the 11th to the 20th centuries prouzek svetle zeleny svisly •Coppicing in the Late Middle Ages Rubetum present in 752 parishes Szabó P., Müllerová J., Suchánková S. & Kotačka M. (2015) Intensive woodland management in the Middle Ages: spatial modelling based on archival data. Journal of Historical Geography 48: 1-10. prouzek svetle zeleny svisly •parameters: elevation, soil, climate, substrate Szabó P., Müllerová J., Suchánková S. & Kotačka M. (2015) Intensive woodland management in the Middle Ages: spatial modelling based on archival data. Journal of Historical Geography 48: 1-10. prouzek svetle zeleny svisly prouzek svetle zeleny svisly prouzek svetle zeleny svisly • prostorová složka změny v pařezení: nárůst ve Slezsku, pokles J-Z Morava prouzek svetle zeleny svisly prouzek svetle zeleny svisly www.eseh.org prouzek svetle zeleny svisly •Environmental history in East-Central Europe •Environment and History – ESEH Notepad •2016/4 – Estonia •2017/1 – Croatia •2017/2 – Hungary •2017/3 – Poland •2017/4 – Russia •2018/1 – Romania