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GEOLOGY AND DEEP VERTICAL SHAFTS:
CASE STUDY FROM MAGANIK MTS., MONTENEGRO
Jiří Otava, Vít Baldík
CZECH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, BRNO

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MAIN FACTORS CONTROLLING
THE GENESIS OF VERTICAL SHAFTS
•HYDROGRAPHY
•LITHOLOGY
•TECTONICS
•
•

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•Trešteni vrh (Hill): 1980 m a.s.l.
•Mededi vrh (Hill): 2139 m a.s.l.
•Spring of Jame in the base of the gorge
•of the Mrtvice River:  300 m n.m.
•Difference: more than 1600 m
•Annual precipitations cca 3000 mm
•
•HYDROGRAPHY

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D:\C_KO\SPELEO\KARSLOG\FOTOGRAFIE\montenegrorelief.jpg

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D:\C_KO\SPELEO\KARSLOG\FOTOGRAFIE\topomaganik.jpg
•Direction of the underground drainage

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D:\C_KO\SPELEO\KARSLOG\FOTOGRAFIE\resampledmeandry.jpg

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D:\C_KO\SPELEO\KARSLOG\FOTOGRAFIE\resampledmeandry2.jpg

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D:\C_KO\SPELEO\KARSLOG\FOTOGRAFIE\resampledmeandry3.jpg

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•LITHOLOGY
•Maganik Mts. are built of very pure Lower to Upper Cretaceous carbonates:

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F:\STAV2011PROSINEC\MAGANIK2011\FOTOGRAFIE\geoMAGANIK.jpg

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D:\C_KO\SPELEO\KARSLOG\FOTOGRAFIE\trestenizesedla.jpg

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D:\C_KO\SPELEO\KARSLOG\FOTOGRAFIE\cistevapenceresampled.jpg

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D:\C_KO\SPELEO\KARSLOG\FOTOGRAFIE\mollusca.jpg

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•TECTONICS
• Dominace of subhorizontal bedding
• Substantial influence of subvertical joints
• Contrast with allochtonous neighbourhood
• Comparison with other European and world verticals

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F:\MAGANIK2011fotovideo\MAGANIK2011\Karst of Montenegro_files\tdivmne.gif
•High Karst

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D:\C_KO\SPELEO\KARSLOG\FOTOGRAFIE\28_CH_2011_Tresteny_vrch.jpg

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G:\MAGANIK2011fotovideo\TRESTENIVRH.jpg

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F:\STAV2011PROSINEC\MAGANIK2011\MAGANIK2011fotovideo\100_FUJI\DSCF0489.JPG

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•
•GENERALIZED SKETCH
•OF THE HIGH KARST TECTONICS:
•(taken from the Report on Orjen Expeditions of French colleagues)
•

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F:\MAGANIK2011fotovideo\100_FUJI\DSCF0452.JPG

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D:\C_KO\SPELEO\KARSLOG\FOTOGRAFIE\profilMAGANIK.jpg

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D:\C_KO\SPELEO\KARSLOG\FOTOGRAFIE\pukliny.jpg

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D:\C_KO\SPELEO\KARSLOG\FOTOGRAFIE\lapies2detail.jpg

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D:\C_KO\SPELEO\KARSLOG\FOTOGRAFIE\34_CH_2011_Nyx.jpg

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D:\C_KO\SPELEO\KARSLOG\FOTOGRAFIE\medvedice.jpg

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F:\STAV2011PROSINEC\MAGANIK2011\FOTOGRAFIE\resampledlaminityrytmityM13_-435m.jpg

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•Examples from „world“ verticals:
F:\STAV2011PROSINEC\MAGANIK2011\FOTOGRAFIE\provatina.jpg
•Provatina, Astraka Plateau, NW Greece
F:\STAV2011PROSINEC\MAGANIK2011\FOTOGRAFIE\vrtoglavica-cave-slovenia-300x222.jpg
•Vrtoglavica
•Slovenia

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F:\STAV2011PROSINEC\MAGANIK2011\FOTOGRAFIE\articlchina.jpg
•Miao Keng – explored by
•Hong Meigui Cave Exploration Society
•

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F:\STAV2011PROSINEC\MAGANIK2011\MAGANIK2011fotovideo\100_FUJI\DSCF0352.JPG

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D:\C_KO\SPELEO\KARSLOG\FOTOGRAFIE\groupresampled.jpg

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K:\FOTO\2013\04speleoforum\DSCF2123.JPG K:\SPELEO2013\KARSOLOGIE2013\krtek.jpg
•První cena za největší objev českých jeskyňářů v zahraničí v roce 2012:
•Skupina Suchý žleb - propast Iron deep -1026 m, Maganik, Černá Hora