LF:VLFA07212p Pharmacology I - Course Information

VLFA07212p Pharmacology I - lecture

Faculty of Medicine
autumn 2023

Extent and Intensity

2/0/0. 2 credit(s). Type of Completion: k (colloquium).
Taught in person.

Teacher(s)

Guaranteed by

doc. MUDr. Regina Demlová, Ph.D.
Department of Pharmacology – Theoretical Departments – Faculty of Medicine
Contact Person: Mgr. Barbora Říhová, Ph.D.
Supplier department: Department of Pharmacology – Theoretical Departments – Faculty of Medicine

Timetable

Mon 18. 9. 16:30–18:10 Virtuální místnost, Mon 25. 9. 16:30–18:10 Virtuální místnost, Mon 2. 10. 16:30–18:10 Virtuální místnost, Mon 9. 10. 16:30–18:10 Virtuální místnost, Mon 16. 10. 16:30–18:10 Virtuální místnost, Mon 23. 10. 16:30–18:10 Virtuální místnost, Mon 30. 10. 16:30–18:10 Virtuální místnost, Mon 6. 11. 16:30–18:10 Virtuální místnost, Mon 13. 11. 16:30–18:10 Virtuální místnost, Mon 20. 11. 16:30–18:10 Virtuální místnost, Mon 27. 11. 16:30–18:10 Virtuální místnost, Mon 4. 12. 16:30–18:10 Virtuální místnost, Mon 11. 12. 16:30–18:10 Virtuální místnost, Mon 18. 12. 16:30–18:10 Virtuální místnost

Prerequisites (in Czech)

VLPF0622p Pathophysiology II - lecture && VLPA0622c Pathology - practice

Course Enrolment Limitations

The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.

fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with

General Medicine (programme LF, M-VL) (2)

Course objectives

The aims of the course are:
to explain the basic pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic processes and principles
to describe the factors that influence the drug effect
provide an overview of drugs affecting ANS, hormonal treatment, analgesics and anesthetics

Learning outcomes

Student after the course:
knows basic pharmacodynamic principles
knowns basic pharmacokinetic principles
knows basic factors that influence the effect of drugs
knows drugs affecting ANS, hormonal treatment, analgesics, and drugs used in CBO

Syllabus

VLFA0721p - Pharmacology I - Lectures

General medicine

Autumn semester 2023
1. PHARMACOLOGY AND ITS SUB-BRANCHES
Definition of pharmacology and its sub-branches of pharmacology. Drug, medical product – basic pharmacological terminology. Sources of research and development of new drugs. Principles of correct drug use – types of pharmacotherapy and rational pharmacotherapy.
2. OVERVIEW OF DRUG DOSAGE FORMS, ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION
Classification and overview of drug dosage forms for ready-made production and individual preparation. Drug dosage forms with controlled release. Classification of routes of administration.
3. DRUG DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE, BASIC PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGICAL THERAPY
Drug discovery. Preclinical and clinical drug testing. Marketing authorisation.
4. PHARMACOKINETICS I
General principles of drug's fate in the organism. Overview of the basic pharmacokinetic processes and parameters.
5. PHARMACOKINETICS II
Single, continual and repeated drug administration. Principles of therapeutic drug monitoring. Compartment models. Fundamentals of population pharmacokinetics.
6. PHARMACODYNAMICS
Mechanisms of drugs effects – classification, examples. Receptor theory – types of ligands and receptors. Change in drug effect after repeated administration.
7. FACTORS AFFECTING DRUG'S EFFECTS
Classification, overview and examples of factors affecting drug effects. Fundamentals of pharmacogenetics.
8. PHARMACOVIGILANCE AND DRUG'S SAFETY
Adverse effects of drugs - classification and characteristics. Pharmacovigilance in clinical research and practice. Therapeutic index, therapeutic range. Drug anamnesis, polypharmacy and introduction to drug interactions.
9. PHARMACOLOGY OF AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM - INTRODUCTION, SYMPATHOTROPIC DRUGS
Overview of pharmacology of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system – neurotransmission, receptors. Basic indications of substances affecting sympathetic NS.
10. PHARMACOLOGY OF AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM - CHOLINERGIC DRUGS, SPASMOLYTIC DRUGS, MYORELAXANTS
Basic indications of substances affecting parasympathetic NS. Definition and use of spasmolytic and myorelaxant drugs.
11. ANALGESIC DRUGS, PHARMACOTHERAPY OF GOUT
Classification of analgesic drugs. Basic pharmacological characteristics and examples of use of opioid analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesic-antipyretic drugs.
12. GLUCOCORTICOIDS, MINERALOCORTICOIDS, IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY - IMMUNOSUPRESSIVES AND IMMUNOMODULATORS, TARGETED TREATMENT OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES, DRUGS USED FOR TREATMENT OF HYPO/HYPERTHYROIDISM.
Overview of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids for both local and systemic administration, therapeutic use. Overview of drugs affecting immune system - classification, therapeutic use, basic pharmacological characteristics. Drugs used in diseases of thyroid gland.
13. DRUGS OF DISEASES WITH CHRONIC PULMONARY OBSTRUCTION, H _1/-ANTIHISTAMINES
Effects of histamine and how to antagonize it. Classification of H₁-antihistamines. Pharmacological review of drugs used in the therapy of diseases with chronic pulmonary obstruction.
14. PHARMACOTHERAPY OF DIABETES MELLITUS
Insulins and anti-diabetic drugs – classification and basic pharmacological characteristics.
15. PHARMACOLOGY OF HYPOTHALAMO-PITUITARY HORMONES AND SEX HORMONES
Analogues and antagonists FSH, LH. Oestrogens, antioestrogens, gestagens, antigestagens, androgens, and antiandrogens basic pharmacological characteristics (classification, basic substances, therapeutic indications/contraindications, adverse effects).

Literature

required literature

RITTER, James, R. J. FLOWER, Graeme HENDERSON, Yoon Kong LOKE, David J. MACEWAN and H. P. RANG. Rang and Dale's pharmacology. Ninth edition. Edinburgh: Elsevier, 2020, xvi, 789. ISBN 9780702074486. info
Landa Leoš, Jan Juřica, Kristýna Nosková, Ondřej Zendulka: Vybrané kapitoly z obecné farmakologie pro studenty všeobecného a zubního lékařství na LF MU. Multimediální podpora výuky klinických a zdravotnických oborů :: Portál Lékařské fakulty Masarykovy

recommended literature

RITTER, James, R. J. FLOWER, Graeme HENDERSON, Yoon Kong LOKE, David J. MacEWAN, Emma ROBINSON, James FULLERTON. Rang and Dale's pharmacology. Tenth edition. Elsevier, 2023. 850 p. ISBN 9780323873956.
RANG, H. P., James RITTER, R. J. FLOWER and Graeme HENDERSON. Rang & Dale's pharmacology. Eighth edition. [Edinburgh]: Churchill Livingstone, 2016, xv, 760. ISBN 9780702053627. info
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=1160493&lang=cs&site=ehost-live
ŠVIHOVEC, Jan a kol. Farmakologie, Praha: Grada, 2018. ISBN 978-80-247-5558-8. www.grada.cz/farmakologie-(1)-8687
Základy receptury léčivých přípravků. Nováková a kol., 2010, http://portal.med.muni.cz/clanek-553-zaklady-receptury-lecivych-pripravku.html
Základy speciální receptury léčivých přípravků, Juřica a kol., 2014, http://portal.med.muni.cz/clanek-611-zaklady-specialni-receptury-lecivych-pripravku.html
Životní cyklus léčiv, Demlová a kol., 2014, http://portal.med.muni.cz/clanek-621-zivotni-cyklus-leciv-klinicke-hodnoceni-a-registrace-lecivych-pripravku-farmakovigilance-a-stanovovani-cen-a-uhrad-leciv.html
Soubor kazuistik z farmakologie, Zendulka a kol., 2016 http://elportal.cz/publikace/kazuistiky-farmakologie
Atlas léčivých rostlin, https://is.muni.cz/auth/do/med/el/lecive_rostliny/atlas.html
Základy farmakoekonomiky, Říhová a kol, 2016, http://portal.med.muni.cz/clanek-649-zaklady-farmakoekonomiky.html

not specified

Markova farmakoterapie vnitřních nemocí. Edited by Josef Marek - Michal Vrablík. 5., zcela přepracované a d. Praha: Grada, 2019, xxiv, 868. ISBN 9788024750781. info
WALLER, Derek, Anthony P. SAMPSON and Andrew W. HITCHINGS. Medical pharmacology and therapeutics. Sixth edition. London: Elsevier, 2022, vii, 742. ISBN 9780702081590. info
BROWN, M. J., Pankaj SHARMA, Fraz A. MIR and P. N. BENNETT. Clinical pharmacology. Twelfth edition. Edinburgh: Elsevier, 2019, 1 online. ISBN 9780702073304. URL info
Farmakologie pro studenty bakalářských oborů na LF MU, Máchalová a kol., 2015, http://portal.med.muni.cz/clanek-644-farmakologie-pro-studenty-bakalarskych-oboru-na-lf-mu.html
Farmakovigilance a propagace léčiv, Vršková a kol., 2007, http://portal.med.muni.cz/clanek-461-farmakovigilance-a-propagace-leciv.html
DOSTÁLEK, Miroslav, Jan JUŘICA, Eva JANOŠTÍKOVÁ and Lucia ZAHRADNÍKOVÁ. Farmakokinetika (Pharmacokinetics). ČR: Grada, 2006, 220 pp. Farmacie a farmakologie. ISBN 80-247-1464-7. info
WHALEN, Karen. Pharmacology. Edited by Richard Finkel - Thomas A. Panavelil. 6th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2015, xi, 664. ISBN 9781451191776. info
STEVENS, Craig W. Brenner and Stevens' pharmacology. Sixth edition. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2023, viii, 594. ISBN 9780323758987. info

Teaching methods

lectures, theoretical preparation

The lectures are followed by practical exercises. The lectures discuss the basic issues of the subject. This knowledge is further deepened and practiced on specific practical tasks in exercises. According to the syllabi, materials for self-study and preparation will be available in the study materials for each topic.

Assessment methods

Colloquium - written ROPOT test: 40 multiple-choice questions with 3 to 5 options of asnwers. The number of correct answers is given.

Student gets 2 points for each completely correct answer, i.e. maximum 80 points for the whole multiple-choice test. Time limit: 45 min. The MCQ test can be repeated only twice.

To pass the colloquium successfully the student has to obtain at least 48 points (60% correct answers).

Language of instruction

Czech

Further comments (probably available only in Czech)

The course is taught annually.
Information on the extent and intensity of the course: 30.

Listed among pre-requisites of other courses

Teacher's information

LIST OF QUESTIONS FOR FINAL EXAM (at the end of spring semester)

General pharmacology:

1. Pharmacology, sub-branches, origin of drugs, drug names. 2. Types of pharmacotherapy, rules of rational and safe pharmacotherapy. The question of drug misuse. 3. Preclinical and clinical trials, stages. 4. Basic legislation related to drug use. Sources of information on drugs and medicinal products. 5. Solid and gaseous pharmaceutical drug dosage forms - overview and their influence on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. 6. Semi-solid and liquid pharmaceutical drug dosage forms - overview and their influence on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. 7. Routes of drug administration – overview, characteristics. 8. Drug absorption, presystemic elimination, drug bioavailability. 9. Drug distribution, volume of distribution, redistribution. General principles of drug movement through the body. 10. Drug elimination, processes of the first and zero order, drug accumulation. 11. Drug biotransformation – stages, examples. 12. Drug excretion (ways of excretion, possibilities of their influence). 13. Therapeutic monitoring of drugs (TDM). 14. Pharmacokinetics of single, repeated and continual drug administration. 15. Modes of drug action 16. Inhibition and induction of enzymes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs – examples. 17. Synergism and antagonism in drug effect (pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics). 18. Dose – response curves, types of doses, drug anamnesis, patient‘s adherence. 19. Adverse drug reactions (types, categories, examples). 20. Pharmacovigilance, drug safety. 21. Influence of repeated administration on drug efficacy - examples of tolerance and tachyphylaxis. Primary resistance of the patient to the treatment. 22. Factors influencing the drug effect – examples. 23. Pharmacotherapy in elderly, the influence of co-morbidities on drug effect, polypharmacy. 24. Pharmacotherapy in pediatric population, in breastfeeding women. Drugs influencing breast feeding. 25. Pharmacotherapy in pregnancy, drug teratogenicity. 26. Pharmacogenetics, influence of genetic polymorphisms on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs. 27. Drug interactions - overview, examples. 28. Principles of biological treatment – classification, technology, examples of clinical use.

Special pharmacology:

1. Sympathomimetics - overview of single classes and their indications, examples of drugs 2. Sympatholytics - overview of single classes and their indications, examples of drugs 3. Cholinomimetics 4. Cholinolytics 5. Antispasmodics - GIT + UGT 6. Opioid analgesics 7. NSAIDs, non-opioid analgesics, antimigraine agents 8. Antiuratics, antirheumatics incl. DMARDs 9. General anesthetics 10. Local anesthetics 11. Muscle relaxants 12. Antidiabetics (except insulins) 13. Insulins 14. Analogues and antagonists of estrogens, gestagens and androgens; HRT, hormonal contraception 15. Analogues and antagonists of hypothalamic-pituitary hormones used in pharmacology; uterotonics and tocolytics 16. Glucocorticoids 17. Immunostimulants + immunosuppressants (except glucocorticoids) 18. Drugs used in osteoporosis, pharmacology of thyroid gland 19. Antiasthmatics, drugs used in COPD 20. Antitussives, mucoactive drugs 21. H1 antihistamines 22. Antipsychotics 23. Drugs of neurogenerative diseases (Parkinson’s disease; dementia) 24. Antidepressants - iMAO+SSRI+NDRI 25. Antidepressants - tricyclic, NASSA, MASSA, SARI, SNRI, NARI, SMS 26. Nootropics, cognitive enhancers 27. Psychostimulants, drugs used in ADHD, psychotomimetics 28. Anticonvulsants 29. Hypnosedatives, anxiolytics 30. Principles of antibacterial therapy – overview, modes of action, resistance, MIC, MBC 31. Penicillins, carbapenems 32. Cephalosporines, monobactams 33. Tetracyclines + related ATBs, amphenicoles 34. Macrolides and related ATBs, lincosamides 35. Aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, polymyxins 36. Sulphonamides, nitrofurans and nitroimidazoles 37. Quinolones, antituberculotics 38. Antimycotics 39. Dermatologics – overview of classes, drugs and effects 40. Antivirotics 41. Antiemetic drugs, prokinetics, antivertigo drugs 42. Laxatives, antidiarrhoics, drugs of infectious diarrhoeas 43. Antiulcer agents, hepatoprotectives and drugs influencing the production and excretion of bile 44. Drugs for non-specific inflammatory bowel disease 45. Alkylating cytostatics and other drugs aiming on DNA in oncology 46. Antimetabolites + hormonal therapy in oncology 47. Targeted treatment in oncology 48. Biological treatment of autoimmune diseases 49. Hypolipidemics, anti-obesity drugs 50. Nitrates and other vasodilators 51. Drugs targeting RAAS 52. Diuretics and aldosterone antagonists 53. Blockers of beta-adrenergic receptors + central antihypertensives 54. Calcium channel blockers, α1-lytics 55. Antiarrhythmics 56. Positive inotropic agents 57. Antiplatelet agents, antianemics 58. Fibrinolytics, antifibrinolytics, hemostatics 59. Anticoagulants 60. Drugs causing addiction and drugs used in the treatment of addiction 61. General principles of drug poisoning, specific antidotes and their mechanisms of action 62. Drugs used in erectile dysfunction and BHP 63. Antiglaucomatics and cycloplegics

„Essential drugs“:

5-fluorouracil • acetylcysteine • acetalsalicylic acid • aciclovir • allopurinol • amiodarone • amlodipine • amphotericin B • aprepitant • atorvastatin • atropine • betahistine • buprenorphine • carbamazepine • caspofungin • cefuroxime • cetirizine • ciclosporine • ciprofloxacin • cisplatin • clarithromycin • clopidogrel • co-amoxicillin • codeine • cotrimoxazole • cyclophosphamide • cyproterone • dabigatran • desflurane • diazepam • digoxin • dobutamine • doxazosin • doxorubicin • doxycycline • empagliflozin • enoxaparin • escitalopram • ethinylestradiol • ezetimibe • famotidine • fenpiverine/pitofenone •fentanyl • finasteride • fluconazole • furosemide • gabapentin • gentamicin • haloperidol • hexoprenaline • ibuprofen • imatinib • indapamide • indometacin • interferons • insulin analogues • ipratropium-bromide • isosorbide dinitrate • ketamine • lactulose • levodopa/carbidopa • levonorgestrel • lidocaine • linagliptin • lithium • loperamide • meropenem • metamizole • metformin • methadone • methotrexate • methyldopa • methylphenidate • metoclopramide • metoprolol • mirtazapine • morphine • naloxone • nimesulide • nivolumab • noradrenaline • olanzapine • ondansetron • oxymetazoline • oxytocin • paclitaxel • pantoprazole • paracetamol • perindopril • phenoxymethylpenicillin • pilocarpine • piperacillin/tazobactam • prednisone • propofol • rivaroxaban • rivastigmine • salbutamol • sildenafil • solifenacin • spironolactone • sumatriptan • suxamethonium • tamoxifen • telmisartan • terbinafine • tramadol • trastuzumab • valproic acid • vancomycin • verapamil • warfarin • zidovudine • zolpidem •

The course is also listed under the following terms Autumn 2017, autumn 2018, autumn 2019, autumn 2020, autumn 2021, autumn 2022.

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LF:VLFA07212p Pharmacology I - Course Information

VLFA07212p Pharmacology I - lecture

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