G9810 Geochemistry of exogenous processes

Faculty of Science
Autumn 2000
Extent and Intensity
2/1. 3 credit(s). Type of Completion: zk (examination).
Teacher(s)
doc. Ing. Jiří Faimon, Dr. (lecturer)
Guaranteed by
doc. Ing. Jiří Faimon, Dr.
Department of Geological Sciences – Earth Sciences Section – Faculty of Science
Contact Person: doc. Ing. Jiří Faimon, Dr.
Prerequisites (in Czech)
G6080 Geochemistry II || SOUHLAS
Course Enrolment Limitations
The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.
fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with
Course objectives
The stability of rocks at surface conditions.

Weathering. The role of atmosphere and waters.

Interaction at rock - water interface.

The kinetics of rock - water interaction.

Crystal growth.

Colloid systems.

The transport of sediments.

Sedimentation.

Rheology of sediments.

Diagenesis.

Syllabus
  • 1. The stability of rocks at surface conditions. Igneous and metamorphic rocks, sedimentary rocks. Secondary solids, clay minerals. The evolution of systems. Entropy and Gibb's function. Reversibility and irreversibility of processes.

    2. Weathering. The role of atmosphere and waters. Gasses in atmosphere. The buffering of waters by CO2. Biogeochemical processes.

    3. Interaction at rock - water interface. Physical and chemical weathering. The weathering of aluminosilicates. Diffusion and reaction model. TST-theory. Systems of Na-Al-Si-H2O, K-Al-Si-H2O, Ca-Al-Si-H2O. The diagrams of predominant stability. Reaction path.

    4. The kinetics of rock - water interaction. Modeling, computation. Box-models. Mass reservoirs, fluxes. Steady state, equilibrium. Rate equations, rate constants. Potential energy (entropy) barrier.

    5. Crystal growth. Solubility, supersaturation, index saturation. Polymerization, condensation. Homogenous and heterogeneous nucleation. Interfacial surface energy. Growth mechanisms. The formation and precipitation of secondary mineral phases. Ostwald`s step rule, re-crystallization. Gibbsite and kaolinite solubility. The formation of clay minerals. System of Al-Si-H2O.

    6. Colloids. The role of colloids at exogenous processes. Condensation and disintegration processes. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. Phase- and molecular colloids: classification, behavior, properties. Stability of colloid system: repulsion and attractive forces, curves of potential energy, potential barrier, primary and secondary minimum.

    7. Transport. Flow of streams. Potential and kinetic energy of water. Laminar and turbulent flow. Reynolds and Froude number. Critical velocity, critical shear stress. Bed load. Suspended load. Total load. Colloid transport. Transport in pore media.

    8. Sedimentation. Settling of particles: Stokes and Newton's equations. Effects of motion, particle roughness, and shape. Particle rotation.

    9. Rheology of sediments. Fluid viscosity, effect of particles. Einstein's equations. Behavior of liquid under stress. Newton liquid, shear thinning, shear thickening. Plastic flux, rheopexy, thixotropy. Eddy viscosity.

    10. Diagenesis. Geophysical factors (tectonics, temperature, pressure, time). Geochemical factors and processes. Syndiagenesis (initial stage, early burial stage), anadiagenesis (lithification, precipitation, cementation, recrystalization), and epidiagenesis (permeability, weathering). Authigenesis, phases of diagenesis (micas, zeolites, clay minerals, gypsum-anhydrite, silica gels, feldspars, carbonates)

Literature
  • Chemical weathering rates of silicate minerals. Edited by Art F. White - Susan Louise Brantley. Washington, D.C.: Mineralogical Society of America, 1995, xv, 583. ISBN 0939950383. info
  • APPELO, C.A.J. and D. POSTMA. Geochemistry, Groundwater and Polution. 1st ed. Rotterdam/Brookfield: A.A.Balkema, 1994, 519 pp. ISBN 905410 106 7. info
  • STUMM, Werner and James J. MORGAN. Aquatic chemistry : chemical equilibria and rates in natural waters. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1995, xvi, 1022. ISBN 0-471-51184-6-. info
  • MCLANE, Michael. Sedimentology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995, xiii, 423. ISBN 0195078683. info
  • Diagenesis, I. Edited by George V. Chilingar - K. H. Wolf. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1988, 591 s. ISBN 0444427201. info
  • DREVER, James I. Geochimija prirodnych vod. Translated by L. N. Barabanov - G. A. Solomin. Moskva: Mir, 1985, 439 s. info
  • PFEIFFER, Hubert, Thomas KLUPSCH and Werner HAUBENREISSER. Microscopic theory of crystal growth. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1989, 400 s. ISBN 3055006844. info
  • ČURLÍK, Ján. Geochémia geologických procesov : hypergénne procesy. 1. vyd. Bratislava: Univerzita Komenského, 1988, 230 s. info
  • KUKAL, Zdeněk. Základy sedimentologie. 1. vyd. Praha: Academia, 1986, 466 s. info
  • MILLOT, Georges. Geology of clays : weathering, sedimentology, geochemistry. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1970, 429 s. info
Language of instruction
Czech
Further Comments
The course is taught annually.
The course is taught: every week.
Listed among pre-requisites of other courses
The course is also listed under the following terms Autumn 1999, Autumn 2001.
  • Enrolment Statistics (Autumn 2000, recent)
  • Permalink: https://is.muni.cz/course/sci/autumn2000/G9810