G9830 Analytical geochemistry

Faculty of Science
Autumn 2001
Extent and Intensity
1/2. 3 credit(s). Type of Completion: zk (examination).
Teacher(s)
doc. Ing. Jiří Faimon, Dr. (lecturer)
Guaranteed by
doc. Ing. Šárka Hladilová, CSc.
Department of Geological Sciences – Earth Sciences Section – Faculty of Science
Contact Person: Běla Hrbková
Prerequisites (in Czech)
G6100 Methods of laboratory research || SOUHLAS
Course Enrolment Limitations
The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.
fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with
Course objectives
The lecture summarizes the analytical methods that are especially being applied in the field of geology. It focuses on some classical methods (gravimetric and volumetric determination of Si, Fe, Al, and S) and modern instrumental methods (spectral methods, electro-chemical methods, and chromatography). Great attention is paid to accuracy and precision of method, to error propagation, error computation and error presentation. There are practiced the mathematic conversions of analytical results that lead to determination of phase composition, especially. Some special methods are discussed (infra-red spectrometry, NMR, mass spectrometry, X-ray methods, neutron activation analysis). As part of the course, students practice their arts in gravimetry, volumetry, OES, AAS, and molecule absorption spectrometry in laboratory.
Syllabus
  • Using of analytical methods in geology: Specific problems at rocks analyses. Method applicability and testing. Rock standards. Analytical errors: behavior, influence of number operations. Precision and validity of the methods. Limits of detection and determination. Computations. The data handling and presentation.

    The sample preparation: Rock sampling. Crushing and grinding. Contaminations and composition changes. Quartering. Weighing. Rock dissolution in acids. Basic, acidic and oxidation fusion. Stock solutions, aliquots. Problems and errors.

    The choice of methods: Topical analytical methods. Destructive and non-destructive methods. Chemical and instrumental methods. Method suitability. Sensitivity, precision. The ratio precision/charge of determination.

    Chemical methods: Gravimetry (gravimetrical determination of high contents of S, Si, H2O, CO2). Volumetry (complexometric determination of high contents of Al, Ca, Mg, acidimetric determination of high contents of B, Si, oxidimetric determination of Fe(III), Fe(II)). Special operation (extraction, ion-exchange resins, ion-chromatography, ultrafiltration, centrifugation, masking).

    Instrumental methods: Principles, overview. Analytical signal. Standards. Method of calibration curve. Method of standard increment.

    Emission spectrometry: Total qualitative and semi-quantitative analyses of geological materials by OES. Determination of Li, Na, K, /Ca, Ag, Al/ by flame spectrophotometry. Determination of low concentrations of metals and some non-metals by ICP. Advantages, problems, applications. X-ray methods (energy and wave dispersion, total analyses of silicates by X-ray fluorescence, applications, advantages, electron microprobe).

    Absorption spectrometry: Atomic absorption spectrometry /AAS/ (Flame version, electro-thermic atomization /ETA/, determination of metal low concentration /Cu, Zn, Mg, Ca, Sr.../ by AAS, advantages, problems). Molecule absorption spectrophotometry /Determination of low concentrations of elements (Fe, Ti, Si), advantages, problems/.

    Special methods: Neutron activation analyses. Infrared spectrometry. Mass spectrometry, Stable isotope determination. Analyses of mineral surfaces /AES, XPS, ERD, RBS, SIMS/. NMR and ESR methods.

    Electro-chemical methods: Electrodes. Monitoring of Eh and pH. Determination of elements /F, Ca, Na/ by ion-selective electrodes. Indication of equivalence point during titration. Continual monitoring. Polarography, anodic stripping voltammetry, limits of determinations, environmental applications. Tribo-polarograph. Capillary isotachophoresis, determination of anion low concentrations in waters.

Literature
  • FAIMON, Jiří. Základní metody analytické geochemie. VŠ skripta, 1. vyd. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, 1992, 147 s. ISBN 80-210-0498-3. info
Language of instruction
Czech
Further Comments
The course is taught annually.
The course is taught: every week.
The course is also listed under the following terms Autumn 1999, Autumn 2000.
  • Enrolment Statistics (recent)
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