After finishing the course, students will be able to understand the terms used in general and systemic physiology of man. Students will acquire knowledge necessary for analysis and subsequent interpretation of phenomena taking place on cell, tissue and organ levels as well as on the level of whole human organism.
Syllabus
Program of turorials:
Intercellular contact
Mechanical, electrical and humoral coupling, ligands and receptors. Second messengers.
Action potential
Local responses, selective conductivity of membrane channels, mechanism of depolarization, transpolarization and repolarization.
Principles of muscle contraction.
Contractile proteins, troponin and tropomyosin, role of calcium, mechanism of relaxation. Differences between smooth, skeletal and heart muscle.
Interpretation of the ECG curve
a) Electric field of the heart as a vector
( source, determinants, projection on the body surface )
b) Limb and chest leads ( bipolar, unipolar )
c) Construction of the mean electrical axis of the heart
( Eindhoven triangle, paralelogram )
d) Diagnostic value of ECG
Cardiac cycle
a) Phases of cardiac cycle and their time course
( polygram, intracardiac pressures, heart volume, heart sounds )
b) Phases of cardiac cycle in pressure / volume representation
( effect of changes in preload and afterload )
Autoregulation of cardiac functions
a) Starling principle
b) Effect of frequency on contractility
c) Effect of frequency on the duration of action potential ( Q-T interval )
Heart as a muscle
a) Cardiac contractility and its measurement
b) Stroke scheme, cardiac output, ejection fraction
c) Cardiac energetics
Coronary circulation
a) Anatomy and functional features (specialties)
b) Regulation of coronary flow
c) Coronary reserve and ischaemic heart disease
Rheology (of blood circulation)
a) Resistance and capacitance vessels
b) Poisseuiles law, Laplaces law
c) Blood pressure in separate ( different ) parts of blood circulation
Immune mechanisms
1) Development of the immune system.
T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, memory T and B cells, antigen presenting cells. Clones.
2) Cellular immunity.
Major histocompatibility complex. NK cells, T4 helper cells, T8 killer cells, T8 suppressor cells.
5) Lymphokines and cytokines.
IL 1, IL 2, IL 3. Colony stimulating factors, GM - CSF. Interferons. Tumor necrosis factor.
Literature
GANONG, William F. Přehled lékařské fyziologie. 20. vyd. Praha: Galén, 2005. xx, 890 s. ISBN 80-7262-311-7. info
GANONG, William F. Review of medical physiology. 22nd ed. New York: Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill, 2005. xii, 912 s. ISBN 0-07-144040-2. info
SILBERNAGL, Stefan and Agamemnon DESPOPOULOS. Atlas fyziologie člověka. 6. přeprac. vyd. Praha: Grada, 2004. xiii, 435. ISBN 80-247-0630-X. info
GUYTON, Arthur C. Textbook of medical physiology. Edited by John E. Hall. 11th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, 2006. xxxv, 1116. ISBN 0-7216-0240-1. info
Color atlas of physiology. Edited by Agamemnon Despopoulos - Stefan Silbernagl. 5th ed. Stuttgart: Thieme, 2003. xiii, 436. ISBN 3-13-545005-8. info
Teaching methods
Tuition is done in the form of seminar. Students should read the literature of particular area of physiology, and they prepare their own presentation of the topic. During the seminars, students present the topics and intensify their knowledge in discussion with the teacher.
Assessment methods
The course-unit credit is conditioned by full attendance in the seminars.
http://www.med.muni.cz/fyziol
Rozpis témat seminářů je vyvěšen na nástěnce Fyziologického ústavu a webových stránkách. Konzultace je možná po osobní domluvě s vyučujícím.
A list of all seminary topics is post up on notice board of Department of Physiology and on its website. Consultations are possible after personal arrangement with the teacher.