This historically oriented paper deals with the role played by
the Soviet Union in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). It is a
critical synthesis of literature written on the subject in
Czech, Russian and Spanish. It is divided into four sections,
describing respectively: (1) the political background of the
Soviet intervention (with sub-chapters dealing with the role of
the USSR in the Non-Intervention Committee, transport of the
Spanish gold to the USSR, interference of the USSR in Spain's
domestic politics, and the activity of Soviet secret services);
(2) direct military assistance of the USSR to the Spanish
Republic (with sub-chapters focusing on the supplies of weapons
and war material to the Republican Spain, dispatching of
military specialists and advisors from the USSR to Spain,
organisation of international brigades); (3) the fighting of
White Russian emigration on Franco's side; and (4) evacuation
of
the children of Spanish Republicans to the USSR. The facts
mentioned are commented upon and analysed. The paper is written
in Spanish.