PřF:G8581 Hydrogeochemistry - Course Information

G8581 Hydrogeochemistry

Extent and Intensity

1/2/0. 5 credit(s). Type of Completion: zk (examination).
Taught in person.

Teacher(s)

Mgr. Pavel Pracný, Ph.D. (lecturer)
Mgr. et Mgr. Veronika Synková (assistant)

Guaranteed by

Mgr. Pavel Pracný, Ph.D.
Department of Geological Sciences – Earth Sciences Section – Faculty of Science
Contact Person: Ing. Jana Pechmannová
Supplier department: Department of Geological Sciences – Earth Sciences Section – Faculty of Science

Timetable

Mon 19. 2. to Sun 26. 5. Mon 13:00–14:50 G1,01004, Mon 15:00–15:50 G1,01004

Course Enrolment Limitations

The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.

fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with

there are 38 fields of study the course is directly associated with, display

Course objectives

The aim of the course is to explain chemical interactions between water and substances in the environment.

Learning outcomes

At the end of the course students should be able to understand and explain advanced knowledge in the field of aqueous geochemistry, especially:
- distribution of dissolved components in natural waters
- acid-base systems
- carbonate systems
- oxidation/reduction systems
- origin and composition of lithogenic waters
- thermodynamic and kinetic models of rock-water system
- hydrologic cycles
- individual parts of hydrosphere (atmospheric water, surface water, groundwater, seawater).

Syllabus

• Thermodynamics of rock-water systems: Thermodynamic functions. Dependencies of Gibbs' energy, entropy, and Gibbs' energy changes on reaction advancement. Quartz-water system. Distance from equilibrium. Saturation index.
• Kinetics of processes in rock-water system: Rate constants, steady states, influences of temperature, mixing, and surface area, potential barrier, TST theory, dynamic equilibrium.
• Chemical and physical properties of water: Water structure. Bonds, electronegativity, partial charges. Dissolution of solids. Dissolution of gasses (partial pressure, Henry's law, dependency of Henry's constant on temperature). Dissolution of O2, N2, CO2.
• Forms of dissolved components: Homogeneous and heterogeneous systems, true and colloid solutions, suspensions. Simple ions, complexes, ion pairs, organic complexes.
• Expression of concentrations: Activities. Standard states. Molar and weight concentrations, mg/l, ppm, ppb, mol/l, equivalents. Iont strength. Activity coefficients. Graphic expression of composition.
• Acido-basic reactions: Water dissociation. pH, instrumentation, electrodes. Balances, electroneutrality. Salinity and alkalinity. Palmer's clasification.
• Carbonate system: Carbon dioxide. Partial pressures. Carbonic acid. Dissociation. Carbonate species. Calcite dissolution. Equilibrium constants. Distribution coefficients. Closed and opened systems. Acido-basic titration. Buffering. Gran's titration.
• Si, Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb systems: Aqueous solutions, forms of species, distribution and stability as function of pH.
• Oxidation and reduction: Gibbs' energy, Faraday's constant, electro-chemical potentials, Nernst's equation, redox potential, mixed potentials, electron activity. Instrumentation, electrodes, hydrogen electrode. Eh-pH diagrams. Fe, Mn, N, S systems.
• Types, evolutions and classifications of natural waters:
• Box-models (Reservoirs, fluxes, residence and response times, geologic and hydrologic cycles).
• Atmospheric water (Resources, composition, pH, origin. Vapor tension, humidity, dew point. Aerosols, wet and dry deposition, precipitation, rainwater mineralization. Evaporation, transpiration, evapo-transpiration).
• Surface waters (mass balances, catch area).
• Sub-surface waters (Surface and sub-surface outflow, soil and subterranean water, un-saturated zone, hanged and buttressed capillary water, saturated zone, mineralization).
• Seawater (Chemical and isotopic composition, origin, properties, steady states of individual elements. Carbonate compensation depth).
• Lithogenic waters (Waters of acid aluminosilicate rocks. Waters of basic and ultrabasic rocks. Karst waters. Waters of sandstones and marlstones).
• Other types of waters (Endogenous waters, fossil (juvenile) waters. Brackish waters. Pore waters. Metamorphic, volcanic, and magmatic waters. Mining waters. Waters of ores, slag heaps, and setting pits).

Literature

recommended literature
• APPELO, C.A.J. and D. POSTMA. Geochemistry, Groundwater and Polution. 1st ed. Rotterdam/Brookfield: A.A.Balkema, 1994, 519 pp. ISBN 905410 106 7. info
• STUMM, Werner and James J. MORGAN. Aquatic chemistry : chemical equilibria and rates in natural waters. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1995, xvi, 1022. ISBN 0-471-51184-6-. info
• CLARK, Ian D. Groundwater geochemistry and isotopes. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2015, xvii, 438. ISBN 9781466591738. info

not specified
• MANAHAN, Stanley E. Environmental chemistry. 8th ed. Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, 2005, 783 s. ISBN 1566706335. info
• WHITE, William M. Geochemistry. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013, vii, 660. ISBN 9780470656686. info
• DREVER, James I. The Geochemistry of Natural Waters. Prentice Hall, 1997, 450 pp. ISBN 0-13-272790-0. info
• Aquatic surface chemistry : chemical processes at the particle-water interface. Edited by Werner Stumm. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1987, xix, 520. ISBN 0471829951. info

Teaching methods

Lectures, class excercises, laboratory excercises, reading

Assessment methods

Final test, practical projects

Language of instruction

Czech

Further comments (probably available only in Czech)

Study Materials
The course can also be completed outside the examination period.
The course is taught once in two years.
Information on the per-term frequency of the course: Bude otevřeno v jarním semestru 2023/2024.

Listed among pre-requisites of other courses

• GS031 Geochemistry
  (G7501 || NOW(G7501)) && (G8581 || NOW(G8581))  

• Enrolment Statistics (recent)
  
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