C2480 Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry

Faculty of Science
Spring 2011
Extent and Intensity
2/0/0. 2 credit(s) (fasci plus compl plus > 4). Type of Completion: zk (examination).
Teacher(s)
doc. RNDr. Ctibor Mazal, CSc. (lecturer)
Guaranteed by
doc. RNDr. Ctibor Mazal, CSc.
Department of Chemistry – Chemistry Section – Faculty of Science
Timetable
Wed 16:00–17:50 B11/235
Course Enrolment Limitations
The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.
fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with
Course objectives
Main objectives can be summarized as follows:
to get a survey of basic concepts of general chemistry including basic chemical principles, molecular structure, and chemical bond theory;
to understand fundamentals of reaction kinetics, acid-base and redox equilibria;
to point out main groups of organic compounds and understand their structures and reactivity relationship;
to explain the basic principles of biochemistry on chemistry of main groups of biologically important compounds and fundamental biochemical processes.
Syllabus
  • 1. Fundamentals of General Chemistry. Quantitative relationships in Chemical reactions. Atomic theory and chemical bond. Reaction kinetics and chemical equilibria. Acid/base equilibria, pH, pKa and pKb. Buffers.
  • 2. Saturated hydrocarbons. Nomenclature of alkanes and cycloalkanes. Structure and physical properties. Conformation. Chemical reactivity, radical substitution. Structure and stability of cycloalkanes. Geometric isomers.
  • 3. Unsaturated hydrocarbons. Naming of alkenes and alkynes. Structure and chemical reactivity, electrophilic addition. Markovnikov rule and stability of carbocations. Dienes. Benzene ring and aromaticity. Chemical reactivity of aromatic compounds, SEAr.
  • 4. Halogen derivatives. Naming, structure and physical properties. Chemical reactivity, nucleophilic substitution vs. elimination.
  • 5. Alcohols, phenols, ethers and their sulfur containing analogues. Naming, structure, physical properties, and chemical reactivity. Oxidation. Cyclic ethers.
  • 6. Aldehydes and ketones. Structure and physical properties. Naming. Chemical reactivity, oxidation, reduction, reaction with nucleophiles. Acetals. Aldol condensation.
  • 7. Carboxylic acids and their derivatives. Occurrence, naming, structure and physical properties. Chemical reactivity. Acidity, esterification and hydrolysis, Claisen condensation. Organophosphate esters and anhydrides.
  • 8. Nitrogen containing compounds. Nitroderivatives. Amines and amides. Structure and naming. Chemical reactivity, reduction of nitroderivatives, basicity of amines and quaternary ammonium salts.
  • 9. Stereoisomers. Molecular chirality and optical activity.
  • 10. Saccharides. Structure and chemical properties of saccharides. D- and L-families of carbohydrates. Fisher formulae. Cyclic forms of saccharides, epimerization. Glycoside bond, disaccharides and polysaccharides.
  • 11. Lipids. Classification of lipids. Fats - properties and hydrolysis. Fatty acids and soaps. Phospholipids. Steroids. Role of lipids in formation of cell membranes.
  • 12. Proteins. Aminoacids - buildings blocks of peptides. Peptide bond. Isoelectric point. Structure of proteins. Common properties of proteins. Classification and biological functions of proteins.
  • 13. Enzymes, hormones, and neurotransmitters. Fundamentals of simple enzyme kinetics. Enzyme regulation. Chemical communication - an overview.
  • 14. Nucleic acids. Structure of nucleic acids. DNA, RNA. Proteosynthesis. Viruses.
  • 15. Biological energetic. The citric acid cycle. The respiratory chain. Metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.
Literature
  • Fundamentals of general, organic, and biological chemistry. Online. Edited by John R. Holum. 5th ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1994. xvii, S. 2. ISBN 0-471-57949-1. [citováno 2024-04-24] info
  • POTÁČEK, Milan. Organická chemie pro biology. Online. 1. vyd. Brno: Univerzita Jana Evangelisty Purkyně, 1988. 209 s. [citováno 2024-04-24] info
  • Vodrážka, Zdeněk . Biochemie. Praha: Academia, 1996, ISBN 80-200-0600-1
  • VACÍK, Jiří. Obecná chemie. Online. 1. vyd. Praha: Státní pedagogické nakladatelství, 1986. 303 s. [citováno 2024-04-24] info
  • DUCHOŇ, Jiří. Lekárska chémia a biochémia. Online. 1988. 749 s. [citováno 2024-04-24] info
Teaching methods
Lectures
Assessment methods
Oral exam.
Language of instruction
Czech
Further comments (probably available only in Czech)
Study Materials
The course is taught annually.
General note: nezapisují studenti dvouoborového studia biologie/chemie.
Listed among pre-requisites of other courses
The course is also listed under the following terms Spring 2008 - for the purpose of the accreditation, Spring 2011 - only for the accreditation, Spring 2000, Spring 2001, Spring 2002, Spring 2003, Spring 2004, Spring 2005, Spring 2006, Spring 2007, Spring 2008, Spring 2009, Spring 2010, Spring 2012, spring 2012 - acreditation, Spring 2013, Spring 2014, Spring 2015, Spring 2016, Spring 2017, spring 2018, Spring 2019, Spring 2020, Spring 2021, Spring 2022, Spring 2023, Spring 2024, Spring 2025.
  • Enrolment Statistics (Spring 2011, recent)
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