Lecture notes

                                  Intercultural Awareness Raising

Introduction

 2 Paradigms

Essentialist view of culture

Non-essentialist view of culture


Geert Hofstede –Background


Pyramid (Three levels of uniqueness in human mental programming)


Manifestations of Culture (seen through practices)

Symbols


Heroes


Rituals


Unobservable aspect of culture

Values


The IBM study of countries’ values

Countries

People


5 categories of values according to Hofstede


Power Distance Index (PDI)


Individualism vs collectivism (IC)


Masculinity and Femininity (MAS)


Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI)


Long Term Orientation (LTO)


Problems with these values: Individualism vs Collectivism



                                    Adrian Holliday’s Paradigm


Introduction


Micro Culture



Essentialist



Critique of Essentialist cultural descriptions



Culture according to Holliday




Values of UK universities


What students think


What teachers think students are thinking



This classroom culture is …