The advanced state examination – periodontics and oral medicine
1 - Macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of periodontal tissues (gingiva, periodontal
ligament, root cementum, alveolar bone, blood supply, lymphatic system, and nerves of
periodontium).
2 - Epidemiology of periodontal diseases. Dental plaque, gingival and periodontal indices.
Prevalence of periodontal diseases. Periodontal disease in adults, in adolescence, and in
children. Risk factors for periodontitis. Periodontal infection as a risk for systemic disease.
3 - Microbial dental plaque: development, structure and distribution. Dental calculus: clinical
appearance and diagnosis, distribution, attachment to tooth surfaces, mineralization, structure,
and clinical implications.
4 - Periodontal infection. Non-specific and specific plaque hypothesis. Periodontal pathogens.
Mechanisms of pathogenicity. Gingival inflammation, histopatological features of gingivitis
and periodontitis. Host defence processes. Components of the immune system.
5 - Periodontal disease – external and internal modifying factors.
6 - Occlusal periodontal trauma and plaque-associated periodontal disease. Occlusal
adjustment. Influence of orthodontic anomalities on periodontal disease. Effect of orthodontic
treatment on the periodontium. Orthodontic loading and alveolar bone. Splinting and
stabilization.
7 - Plaque-induced and non-induced gingival diseases. Classification criteria. Clinical
features, treatment.
8 – Periodontitis: diagnosis, clinical forms and prevalence. Risk factors, clinical features,
progression, principles of therapeutic intervention.
9 - Periodontal abscess: risk factors, clinical features, treatment. Differential diagnosis and
classification of abscesses in oral cavity.
Gingival recessions – etiology, classification.
10 - Necrotizing periodontal disease: risk factors, clinical features, differential diagnosis,
treatment.
11 - Examination of patients with periodontal diseases. History (Anamnestic information) of
periodontal patients. General intraoral examination, indices CPITN, PBI, oral hygiene status,
examination of oral mucosa, supplemantary dental examination.
12 - Radiographic examination. Radiographic methods, clinical vs. radiological examination,
radiological criteria for gingivitis and periodontitis, types of bone resorption.
13 - Treatment planning of patients with periodontal diseases. Sequence of treatment. Initial
treatment, periodontal surgery, maintenance treatment.
14 - Periodontal surgery. Flap procedures. Mucogingival surgery.
15 - Classification of periodontal diseases (ADA 1999).
1 - Morphology of the oral mucosa. Histopathological changes of the oral mucosa. Diagnostic
process - history and principles of examination of patient with oral mucosa disease. Objective
findings, additional laboratory tests.
2 - Common anatomical abnormalities. General external and internal causes of oral mucosa
diseases. Manifestation of systemic diseases in oral cavity - classification.
3 - Viral diseases in the oral cavity. Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis, recurrent herpes clinical
features, differential diagnosis, treatment. Herpes zoster - clinical features, differential
diagnosis, treatment. Other viral diseases.
4 - Oral candidiasis - local and systemic predisposing factors, clinical forms, clinical features,
differential diagnosis, treatment. Angular cheilitis.
5 - Recurrent aphthous ulcers. Clinical forms. Clinical features, differential diagnosis,
treatment.
6 - Oral lichen planus. Ethiology. Clinical forms. Clinical features, differential diagnosis,
treatment.
7 - Erythema multiforme. Predisposing factors. Clinical features, differential diagnosis,
treatment.
8 - Oral manifestations of autoimmune diseases. Blistering lesions. Pemphigus vulgaris,
cicatricial pemphigoid. Clinical features and histopathological changes, differential diagnosis,
treatment.
9 - Diseases of toxic-allergic origin, oral lesions due to drugs (allergic stomatitis, contact
allergy). Clinical features, differential diagnosis, treatment.
10 - Stomatitis caused by mechanical, thermal and chemical factors. Traumatic ulcer,
morsicatio buccarum, mucosal burns, nicotinic stomatitis, actinic cheilitis, electrogalvanic
stomatitis. Clinical features, differential diagnosis, treatment.
Pigmented lesions – differential diagnosis.
11 - Precancerous lesions. Precancerous conditions. Epithelial dysplasia.
Leukoplakia - etiology, clinical forms, clinical features, differential diagnosis, treatment.
Erythroplakia.
12 - Manifestation of systemic diseases in oral cavity - haematologic diseases. Haemorrhagic
diatheses, haemoblastosis, anaemias. Clinical features, differential diagnosis, therapeutic
implications.
13 - Manifestation of systemic diseases in oral cavity - endocrine diseases, diseases of GIT.
Clinical features, differential diagnosis.
14 - Manifestation of systemic diseases in oral cavity – tuberculosis, syphilis, HIV infection.
Clinical features, additional laboratory tests, differential diagnosis.
15 - Disorders of saliva secretion, xerostomia, Sjögren’s syndrome. Stomatodynia and
glossodynia (burning mouth syndrome).