Lecture 9 – Motivation

   

   Motivation defined

   Motivation =     willingness to exert high levels of effort to reach (organizational) goals,
   conditioned by the effort’s ability to satisfy some individual need.

                           - three dimensions:     - intensity = how hard a person tries;

                                                            - direction = where the effort is
   channeled;

                                                            - persistence = how long effort is
   maintained.

   

   Factors affecting motivation:

   -         intrinsic    –  a person’s internal desire to do something, due to such things as
   interest, challenge and personal satisfaction (job design, staff development, etc.)

   -         extrinsic   -  come from outside the person, such as pay, bonuses and other tangible
   rewards (leader behavior, money, etc.)

   

   Overview of theories (see your textbook, Chapter 16)

   

    1. Maslow’s needs hierarchy
    2. Herzberg’s two-factor theory (Motivation-Hygiene Theory)
    3. McGregor’ Theory X, Theory Y

   

    4. McClelland’s Three needs theory
    5. Goal setting theory
    6. Reinforcement theory
    7. Equity theory
    8. Expectancy theory