The Cultural & Creative Sector
The first step in assessing the economy of culture in Europe is the need to define corresponding sectors and activities
This is no easy task given the divergence of national and international approaches to date.
Because of the study's objectives, its scope goes beyond the traditional cultural industries such as cinema, music and publishing. It also includes the media (press, radio and television), the creative sectors (such as fashion, interior and product design), cultural tourism, as well as the traditional arts fields (performing arts, visual arts, and heritage). The study also touches upon the impact of the cultural sector on the development of related industries, such as cultural tourism and, perhaps more importantly, ICT industries, and explores the links between culture, creativity and innovation in this respect.
Therefore the scope of the assessment includes:
• The "cultural sector"
- Non-industrial sectors producing non-reproducible goods and services aimed at being "consumed" on the spot (a concert, an art fair, an exhibition). These are the arts field (visual arts including paintings, sculpture, craft, photography: the arts and antique markets; performing arts including opera, orchestra, theatre, dance, circus; and heritage including museums, heritage sites, archaeological sites, libraries and archives),
- Industrial sectors producing cultural products aimed at mass reproduction, mass-dissemination and exports (for example, a book, a film, a sound recording). These are "cultural industries" including film and video, video-games, broadcasting, music, book and press publishing,
• The "creative sector"
n the "creative sector", culture becomes a "creative" input in the production of non-cultural goods. It includes activities such as design (fashion design, interior design, and product design), architecture, and advertising. Creativity is understood in the study as the use of cultural resources as an intermediate consumption in the production process of non-cultural sectors, and thereby as a source of innovation.
Consequently the study's scope of investigation is the "cultural & creative sector". This approach enables us to measure more accurately the economic and social, direct and indirect impact of culture and creativity. This is mapped out in the following table:
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Delineation of the cultural & creative sector
CIRCLES
SECTORS
Visual arts
Performing arts
Heritage
Film and Video
Television and radio
Video games
Books and press
Architecture
£ uj   I Advertising
SUB-SECTORS
Crafts
Paintings - Sculpture -Photography_
Theatre - Dance - Circus -Festivals.
Museums - Libraries -Archaeological sites - Archives.
Recorded music market - Live music performances - revenues of collecting societies in the music sector
Book publishing - Magazine and press publishing
Fashion design, graphic design, interior design, product design
CHARACTERISTICS
• Non industrial activities.
• Output are prototypes and "potentially copyrighted works" (i.e. these works have a high density of creation that would be eligible to copyright but they are however not systematically copyrighted, as it is the case for most craft works, some performing arts productions and visual arts, etc).
■ Industrial activities aimed at massive reproduction.
■ Outputs are based on copyright.
• Activities are not necessarily industrial, and may be prototypes.
• Although outputs are based on copyright, they may include other intellectual property inputs (trademark for instance).
• The use of creativity (creative skills and creative people originating in the arts field and in the field of cultural industries) is essential to the performances of these non cultural sectors.
• This category is loose and impossible to circumscribe on the basis of clear criteria.
It involves many other economic sectors that are dependent on the previous "circles", such as the ICT sector.
: "the cultural sector" : "the creative sector"
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