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Appendix: The Conjuncture of 1989 in Eastern Europe
INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT
-changes in the Soviet Union -world economic factors
Role of the individual (Gorbachev)
interplays and interacts with
STRUCTURAL CRiSIS OF THE STATE -economic crisis ■social structural crisis
induces
*, induces
a d s
t o
POLITICAL CRISIS -elite splits (reformers versus hard-liners!
increascs-
Role of the individual (i.e. Jakes, Ceausescu, Jaruzelski
Revolutionary situation
-possible political and social transformation
Role of the individual Le. Havel, Walesa
informs
C h
a
	Autonomous organisational groups (dissidents)	n í n n	Dissent of the masses
		4......e t I 0	
		I	
c d
f u eis
Western communications penetration -'domino' effect -comparative economic disadvantage -rights and freedom
I
n f o r
m s
Ideology
-challenge from heterodox ideas, values and beliefs (F,e. Havel's philosophy, notions of rights ana freedoms, the 'idea of the west', the 'market7market economy, liberal democracy, glasnost and perestroika from the Soviet Union
Suttrop1 h/ií4oK
Case 1	Case 2	Case n
a	d	g
b	e	h
c	f	i
	X	X
y	y	y
> Overall differences
Crucial similarity
Figure 8-1 Mill's Method of Agreement. Key: x - causal variable; y - phenomenon to be explained. Source: Skocpol and Somcrs (1980: 184). The uses of comparative history in macrosodal inquiry. Comparative Studies in Society and History 22(2). © Cambridge University Press.
222 Conclusion
Positive	Negative
case(s)	casets)
a	a
b	b
c	c
X	not x
y	not y
Overall similarities
Crucial difference
Figure 8.2 Mill's Method of Difference. Key: x - causal variable; y = phenomenon to be explained. Source* Skocpol and Somcrs (1980: 184). The uses of comparative history in macrosodal inquiry. Comparative Studies in Society and History 22(2). © Cambridge University Press.