European Union Public Policy Professor John Wilton Lecture 11 The ‘Europeanisation’ or ‘Regionalisation’ of public policy Additional sources: Tavora, I. ‘The southern European social model: familialism and the high rates of female employment in Portugal’, in Journal of European Social Policy, Vol. 22, No. 1, February 2012, pp. 63-76. Palier, B. (ed.) ‘A Long Goodbye to Bismarck? The Politics of Welfare Reform in Continental Europe’, (Book Review Symposium) in Journal of European Social Policy, Vol. 22, No. 1, February 2012, pp.90- 101. Additional sources: Tugdar, E.E. (2013) ‘Europeanization of Minority Protection Policies in Latvia: E.U. Conditionality and the Impact of Domestic Factors on the Rights of Ethnic Russians’, in CEU Political Science Journal, Vol. 8, Issue 1, February, p31-53 (including Bibliography for good sources on ‘Europeanisation’) European Union Public Policy Lecture 11 1.What do we mean by Regions? 2.What is meant by E.U. regional policy 3.The ‘Europeanisation’ of Public Policy European Union Public Policy Lecture 11 1. What do we mean by ‘Regions’ - ‘Regions’ defined not just by economics, but also culture and history (language, customs, traditions) - Regions as institutions (over past 30 years) - E.U. regions widely defined – dependent on level/amount of institutionalisation of regional government • • European Union Public Policy Lecture 11 - Nation-state – under internal and external pressures - Council of European Regions - Committee of the Regions (established in Maastricht Treaty, 1993) • • European Union Public Policy Lecture 11 2. What do we mean by E.U. regional policy - aim of E.U. regional policy is to promote solidarity - produce cohesion in E.U. - based on principle of subsidiarity - 276 regions, over 600 million people • • European Union Public Policy Lecture 11 -entire territories of 10 new Member States of May 2004 designated as falling within Objective 1 of E.U. Structural Funds -two-thirds of new E.U. citizens from 2004 accession states lived in regions with GDP per head of less than half average GDP of all 25 E.U. states European Union Public Policy Lecture 11 http://civitas.brno.cz/en CIVITAS Project ELAN – started 2002 – Brno, Ghent, Porto, Ljubljana, Zagreb (39 partners, Overall budget 29.2 million euro, EU grant 17.85 million euro – 61%) Goal of the project: ‘inclusion and support of citizens in development of the solutions for the clean city ensuring quality environment and health of all the inhabitants’. E.U. Public Policy Lecture 11 3. ‘Europeanisation’ of public policy - E.U. ‘single public policy areas’? - E.U. policies affect: - policy style (formulation and implementation); - general problem solving approach; - policy instruments employed; - policy standards set (based on E.U values and principles) European Union Public Policy Lecture 11 -Europeanisation of : - pressure groups - interest groups - epistemic communities - European Union Public Policy Lecture 11 4 processes of ‘Europeanisation’ of policy: a)‘bottom-up’ (national state – E.U.) b)‘top-down’ (E.U. – national state) c)‘horizontal’ (State – State) d)‘round-about’ (national state – E.U. – national state) European Union Public Policy Lecture 11 ‘Europeanisation’ based on underlying E.U. principles and ‘core values’: - social progress; - the aim of high levels of employment; - social protection; - the aim of raising living standards and quality of life; - promotion of social cohesion and social justice European Union Public Policy Lecture 11 ‘Europeanisation’ = overarching E.U. core values and principles, within which individual policies are shaped, and diversity and ‘mutual recognition’ acknowledged, particularly in implementation to meet policy aims