1
Chapter 1: Long-term changes in the world economy
balance of payments
definition, 4
colonies
influx of precious metals, 1
democracy, 7
demographic transition, 8
economic standards, 5
economic strength, 5
France, 11
Fukuyama Francis, 7
Germany, 11
Great Britain, 11
Huntington Samuel P., 8
China in the Middle Ages, 1
institution
definition, 10
Japan, 12
modern economic structure, 11
population expansion, 8
Price Revolution, 1
standard way of development, 11
structural shortcut, 11
traditional economic structure, 11
United States of America, 12
world economy
origins, 1
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Chapter 2: Economic Development in the 19th Century
arms race, 12
Bismarck Otto von, 4, 9
introduction of tariffs, 8
Cobden-Chevalier treaty, 6
colonies, 4
foreign trade, 6
continental blockade, 6
Corn Laws, 6
deflation, 11
demographic transition, 2
East India Company, 6
Edison Thomas Alva, 4
Ford Henry, 4
foreign trade
in the 19. century, 6
France, 8
German Historical School, 9
Germany, 8
protectionisms, 9
Great Britain, 6
Great Depression, 8
industrial revolution, 4
laissez-faire doctrine, 6
Meline Tariff 1892, 9
migration, 2
most favoured nation clause, 7
Napoleon, 6
Navigation Acts, 6
Panama Canal, 4
Pax Britanica, 1
railway, 3
reparations
following war between Prussia and
France, 8
Ricardo David, 6
Smith Adam, 6
splendid isolation, 4
Stephenson George, 3
Suez Canal, 4
The United States of America, 1
Triple Alliance, 13
Triple Entente, 13
war between Prussia and France, 8
workshop of the world, 6
World War I, 12
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Chapter 3: The Interwar Period - the 1920s
Czechoslovakia, 8, 9
Dawes Plan, 15
Fordney-McCumber Tariff, 8
foreign trade
protectionisms after WWI, 7
France, 3, 10
Germany
after WWI, 1
communist putsch attempt, 3
hyperinflation, 13
in the 1920s, 11
reparations after WWI, 12
gold standard
modifications, 9
Great Britain, 3, 5, 10
after WWI, 2
Hoover H.
moratorium, 16
Hungary
communist putsch attempt, 3
Keynes John Maynard, 10
Lausanne Conference, 16
League of Nations, 3
Occupation of the Ruhr, 13
Poincaré R., 10, 12
Rentenmark, 15
reparations
after WWI, 12
Russia
reparations to Germany, 12
Spanish influenza, 4
Stresemann G., 15
the Kapp Putsc, 11
the USA
isolationisms, 3
The USA
main creditor after WWI, 7
The USA, 5
the Versailles Treaty, 4
Weimar Republic, 11
Wilson W., 3
World War I
death toll, 1
WWI
post-war help, 5
Young Plan, 16
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4
Chapter 4: The Great Depression, the 1930s and World War II
Agricultural Adjustment Act, 14
Black Thursday, 2
Cash and carry, 19
Czechoslovakia
occupation, 16
deflation, 4
FED, 7
Great Depression period, 4
foreign trade
the 1930s, 5
Germany, 8
in the 1930s, 15
the Great Depression, 9
unemployment in the 1930s, 13
war economy, 18
Great Britain
the 1930s, 12
war economy, 18
Great Depression, 1
Hindenburg P. von, 10
Hitler A., 10, 15, 18
Hoover Herbert, 4, 10, 14
Churchill Winston, 18
Imperial Preference, 13
Keynesianism, 3
League of Nations
and Germany, 15
Lend-Lease Act, 19
Munich Conference, 16
National Industrial Recovery Act, 14
NSDAP. see The National Socialist
German Workers' Party
Ottawa Conference, 13
Poland
German invasion, 16
the Great Depression, 8
policy beggar thy neighbour, 6
policy of appeasement, 18
Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act, 13
reparations
after WWI, 10
Roosevelt F. D., 4, 13
separatist and liberation movements, 19
Smoot-Hawley Tariff, 5
Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act, 2
Spain
civil war, 11
Speer A., 18
the Lausanne Conference, 10
The National Socialist German Workers'
Party
economic policy, 16
The National Socialist German Workers'
Party, 10
the New Deal, 13
the USA
Great Depression, 1
the National Planning Board, 14
the USA
the 1930s, 13
The USA
war economy, 19
the USSR
Lend-Lease Act, 19
the Versailles Treaty, 10
WWII, 17
invasion of Poland, 16
Young Plan, 10
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5
Chapter 5: Post-War Development
Algeria
decolonisation, 7
Berlin Crisis
first, 3
Beveridge W. H., 8
bipolarity, 3
Bismarck Otto von, 8
centrally planned economies, 3
Cold War, 3
colonies, 7
containerisation, 9
Coordinating Committee on Export
Controls, 6
Cuban Crisis, 5
Czechoslovakia, 21
Czechoslovakia
UNRRA, 11
Erhard Ludwig, 16
Erhard Reform, 16
European Community
common agrarian policy, 20
European Recovery Programme, 10
foreign trade
after WWII, 18
post-war period, 17
Four-D Programme, 16
Gaulle Ch. de, 7
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade,
18
Germany
economic miracle, 15
split, 2
Human Development Index, 2
Hungary, 6
revolution in 1956, 21
China
communist putsch, 3
Churchill Winston, 3
International Labor Organization, 2
Iron Curtain, 3
Israel, 5
Japan
economic miracle, 16
Kennedy J. F., 19
Keynesianism, 7
Kim Ir ­Sen, 4
Korean War, 4
Li-Syn man, 4
Mao Ce-tung, 3
Marshall G. C., 10
Marshall Plan, 10
Marshall Plan
Paris Conference, 11
Marshall Plan
Economic Co-operation Administration,
12
McLean Malcom, 9
Molotov V. M., 11
Nasser Gamal Abdul, 5
national liberation movements, 7
North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 4
Nuremberg Trials, 2
Organisation for Economic Co-operation
and Development ­ OECD, 12
Organisation for European Economic Cooperation,
12
Poland
border demarcation after WWII, 2
policy of détente, 5
reparations
after WWII, 2
revelation of Stalin's cult of personality, 5
Second Berlin Crisis, 5
Stalin J. V., 5
Suez Canal, 5
Suez Crisis, 5
The United Nations Organisation, 2
Tito Broz Josif, 11
Truman Doctrine, 11
Truman Harry, 11
United Nations Conference on Trade and
Development, 2
United Nations Development Programme,
2
United Nations Organisation, 5
United States
after WWII, 9
UNRRA, 10
Vietnam War, 5
Warsaw Pact, 5
welfare state, 8
World Trade Organisation, 18
WWII
casualties, 1
Yugoslavia
Civil War in Greece, 11
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Chapter 6: Economic Crises in the 1970s and Economic
Development in the 1980s
Afghanistan
war, 1
Bretton Woods monetary system, 10
Bretton-Woods monetary system, 3
Club of Rome, 2
Dutch Disease, 8
food crisis, 3
foreign trade
the 1970s, 13
G7, 7
G8, 7
Germany
export after WWII, 15
inflation in the 1970s, 10
global problems, 2
Gorbachev M. S., 1
Great Britain, 8
Helsinki Peace Process, 1
inflation
the 1970s, 9
Iran
OPEC membership, 5
war with Iraq, 8
Iran
Islamic revolution, 8
Iran-Iraq War, 8
Iraq
OPEC membership, 5
war with Iran, 8
Israel
fourth Arab-Israeli War, 4
Yom Kippur War, 4
Japan
export after WWII, 15
Keynesianism, 10
Keynesianism
and slumpflation, 2, 7
Kohl H., 1
monetarisms, 2
monetary aggregates, 3
Norway, 8
oil crisis, 10
Oil Crisis
first, 4
second, 8
OPEC, 5
Organisation of Petroleum Exporting
Countries, 4
Organization of Petroleum Exporting
Countries, 5
petrodollars, 16
raw material crisis, 3
Reagan R., 1
SALT, 1
Saudi Arabia, 5
slumpflation, 2, 6
Spain
influx of gold from the colonies, 8
Strategic Defence Initiative, 1
Thatcher M., 1, 12
wage price spiral, 10
Yom Kippur War, 4
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7
Chapter 7: The 1990s and the New Millennium
Afghanistan, 2
Andean Community, 13
APEC. see Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation
Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation, 12
Association of South East Asian Nations, 12
brain outflow, 22
Doha
liberalisation of foreign trade, 16
Fukuyama Francis, 2
GATT Uruguay Round, 13
Germany, 1
global problems, 2
globalisation, 19
Huntington Samuel P., 2
China, 1, 4, 15
integration into the world economy, 9
Iraq, 2
MERCOSUR. see Southern Common Market
Millennium Development Goals, 3
outsourcing, 19
Panama, 17
Panama canal, 17
Panamax, 17
Southern Common Market, 12
the United States of America
terrorist attacks, 2
United States of America, 4
World Trade Organisation, 14
Yugoslavia
disintegration, 2
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8
Chapter 8: International Monetary System
`beggar thy neighbour' strategy, 8
Argentina, 16
bimetallism, 1
Bretton-Wood monetary system, 8
currency board, 16
Czechoslovakia
and the International Monetary Fund, 8
Dollar bloc, 8
dollarization, 16
euro, 16
eurozone, 16
Franco-Prussian War, 2
Germany
the gold standard, 2
Gold Bloc, 7
gold bullion standard, 6
gold exchange standard, 6
gold standard, 1
modification, 5
Great Britain
the gold standard, 1
the gold standard in practice, 3
the pound in the 1920s, 6
Gresham Thomas, 5
Gresham's Law, 5
Hong Kong, 16
Hume's Law, 2
IMF. see International Monetary Fund
Ingot Plan, 6
International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development, 9
International Monetary Fund, 8
International Monetary Fund
Kingston Conference, 15
international reserve currency, 1
international trade currency, 1
Japan, 15
Keynes John Maynard, 8
Keynes Plan, 8
pegging, 10
Plaza Accord, 15
post-Bretton-Woods monetary system, 14
Special Drawing Rights, 11
Sterling bloc, 7
the USA
modified gold standard, 5
Triffin dilemma, 12
Werner Report, 14
White Plan, 8
World Bank, 9
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9
Chapter 9: The United States of America
automobile industry, 5
baby-boom, 8
Bernanke Ben, 24
bipolarity, 8
Black Friday, 6
brain drain, 10, 21
Bush G., 19
Bush G. W., 23
Carter J., 13
Clinton Bill, 20
Coolidge Calvin, 5
double deficit, 18
Eisenhower D., 9
Employment Act, 9
Fair Deal, 9
FED, 4, 17
FED in the 1980s, 17
Federal Reserve System. see FED
Ford G., 13
Greenspan Alan, 17, 23
Gulf War, 19
Harding Warren G., 4
Helsinki Agreement, 12
Hoover Herbert, 5
Iraq War, 23
Johnson L. B., 11
Kennedy J. F., 11
Keynesianism, 9, 10
King Martin Luther jr., 9
McCarthy Joseph R., 9
McCarthyism, 9
Model T, 5
NAFTA. see North American Free Trade
Area
New Economics, 11
New Economy, 22
Nixon R., 11, 13
North American Free Trade Area, 20
Obama Barack, 24
petrodollars, 15
Phillips curve, 13
political-economic cycle, 11
positive discrimination, 9
railroads, 4
Reagan R., 16
Reaganomics, 16
slumpflation, 13
Stop and Go policy, 10
Strategic Defence Initiative, 18
The 1970s in the USA, 13
The Council of Economic Advisers, 9
The US Stock Market Crash, 17
The USA after WWII, 8
The USA in the 1920s, 5
The USA prior to WWI, 1
Truman Harry, 9
twin deficit, 18
Underwood-Simmons Tariff Act, 3
Vietnam War, 11
Volcker Paul, 17
War on Terrorism, 23
Watergate, 12
Wilson W., 4
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Chapter10 European Integration
acquis communautaire, 6
Amsterdam treaty, 7
Briand A., 1
Briand plan, 1
convergence criteria, 16
Copenhagen Criteria, 6
Czech Republic, 9
Dauhá
liberalization of foreign trade, 13
Élysée Treaty, 3
EMS. see European Monetary System
EMU. see European Economic and
Monetary Union
EURATOM. see European Atomic Energy
Community
euro, 15
European Atomic Energy Community, 3
European Coal and Steel Community, 2
European Commission, 6
European Community, 4
European Community
enlargement, 4
European Community
enlargement, 5
European Economic and Monetary Union,
15
European Economic Area, 4, 9
European Economic Community, 3
European Free trade Association, 3
European Free Trade Association, 3
European Monetary System, 4
European Union
common agricultural policy, 12
enlargement, 6
institutions, 6
European Union, 6
Association Agreements, 6
eurosclerosis, 5
France
and the EU common agricultural policy,
12
Gaulle Ch. de, 3
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade,
13
Great Britain
accession to the EC, 4
Great Britain
non-participation in the Eurozone, 16
Hungary
joining the EU, 9
Inner Six, 2
Lisbon Strategy, 7, 8
Lomé Convention, 5
Maastricht convergence criteria, 16
Maastricht Treaty, 15
Maastricht Treaty, 6
Marshallův plán, 2
Merger Treaty, 4
Mundell Robert, 16
Norway, 4
Norway, 6
Organisation for European Economic Cooperation,
2
Pan European Union, 1
Poland
joining the EU, 9
Reaganomics, 8
screening, 6
Schengen Agreement, 7
Schuman Plan, 2
Schuman R., 2
Single European Act, 6
Spain
accession to the EC, 5
Stability and Growth Pact, 17
Sweden, 6
non-participation in the Eurozone, 16
Thatcher M., 6
Thatcherism, 8
theory of optimum currency areas, 16
Treaties of Rome, 3
Werner Report, 4
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11
Chapter 11: Japan
Anti-Comintern Pact, 4
carry trade, 19
Comintern, 4
deflation, 17
Dodge J. M., 8
Dodge Line, 8
Economic Planning Agency, 11
Enlightened Rule in Japan. see Meiji
EPA. see Economic Planning Agency
export-led growth strategy
and Japan, 9
fascist axis, 4
Hirohito, 4
Chiang Kai-Shek, 4
China, 4
industrialization, 2
interest rate differential, 19
Japan, 1
attack on China, 4
deflation, 17
economic policy, 11
export-led growth strategy, 9
foreigners extraterritoriality rights, 2
indicative planning, 11
unequal treaties, 2
World War II, 4
WWI, 3
Just-in-time system, 11
keiretsu, 11, 15, 17
Koizumi Junichiro, 20
Korea, 3
Korean War, 9
Kuril Islands, 8
League of Nations, 4
lifetime employment, 10
Meiji, 2
METI. see Ministry of Economy, Trade
and Industry
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
(METI), 12
Ministry of International Trade and
Industry (MITI), 11
MITI. see Ministry of International Trade
and Industry
Mutsuhito, 2
nuclear bomb, 4
Pearl Harbor, 4
Perry M., 1
Plaza Accord, 14
reverse engineering, 10
seniority principle, 10
Shigeru Yoshida, 7
Taiwan, 3
Tokugawa, 1
United States of America, 4
World War II, 4
zaibatsu, 3
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Chapter 12: Developing Countries
Argentina, 14
Asian Tigers, 8
Bandung Conference, 4
bipolarity, 4
Brasil, 16
BRIC, 16
colonies, 3
debt crisis, 12
developing countries
definition, 1
international help, 18
developing countries
indebtness, 11
economic convergence, 16
economic development, 1
export-led growth strategy, 21
Green Revolution, 10
Group of 77, 5
HDI. see Human Development Index
HIPC initiative, 14
Human Development Index, 2
chaebol, 9
China, 3, 9, 16
import substitution industrialization, 20
India, 16
International Monetary Fund, 14
Iran, 21
Korea, 8
liberation movements, 3
London Club, 14
Millennium Development Goals, 17
New International Economic Order, 5
newly industrialized countries, 8
Non-Aligned Movement, 5
OPEC
and Group of 77, 5
Paris Club, 14
population explosion, 5
Russia, 16
Sub-Saharan Africa, 7
Taiwan, 8
UN Conference on Trade and
Development, 5
UNCTAD. see UN Conference on Trade
and Development
UNDP. see United Nations Development
Programme
United Nations, 4
United Nations
Declaration on the Granting of
Independence to Colonial Countries
and Peoples, 5
United Nations Development Programme,
2
Washington Consensus, 13
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13
Chapter 14: Russia, the USSR and Centrally Planned
Economies
1956 Hungarian Revolution, 22
Anti-Comintern Pact, 6
Brezhnev L. I., 15
Brezhnev Leonid Ilich, 14
Brežněv L. I., 17
Ceausescu N., 22
CEFTA. see Central European Free Trade
Association
Central European Free Trade Association,
27
centrally planned economies, 21
Cobden-Chevalier Treaty, 3
Cold War, 13
Comecon. see Council for Mutual
Economic Assistance
Commonwealth of Independent States, 14
convertible rouble, 25
Coordinating Commitee on Export
Controls, 26
Council for Mutual Economic Assistance,
24
Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
disbanding, 27
Crimean War, 1
Cuban Crisis, 15
Decree on Land, 6
Decree on Peace, 5
dictatorship of the proletariat, 5
EBRD. see European Bank for
Reconstruction and Development
Esers, 5
European Bank for Reconstruction and
Development, 28
February Revolution, 4
Gaidar Yegor, 18
Genoa Conference, 5
Germany
WWI, 4
glavka, 7
Gorbatschow M. S., 14, 18, 22
Gosplan, 8
Helsinki Protocol, 22
Hungary, 26
rise of Communist dictatorship, 21
industrialization
Russia, 2
International Bank for Economic
Cooperation, 25
Kerensky A. F., 4
khozrastchot, 9
khozrastchot, 11
khozrastchot, 18
Khrushchev N. S., 13, 15, 24
Korejská válka, 13
Kornilov, 4
Kosygin Alexej Nikolajevič, 15
kulaks, 2, 11
Land-Lease Act
and Russia, 14
League of Nations
and the USSR, 6
Lend-Lease Act
and Russia, 13
Lenin V. I., 4, 6
Marshall Plan, 21
and Russia, 14
NEP. see New Economic Policy
Nicholas II, 1, 4
nuclear bomb
Soviet test, 13
obshchina', 2
oil crisis, 16
peaceful cohabitation, 6
Perestroika, 14, 18
Poland, 26
division, 6
rise of Communist dictatorship, 21
Provisional Government, 4
Putin V. V., 20
railway, 2
Rapallo Treaty, 5
Reagan R., 14
revealing Stalin's personality cult, 22
Russia. see Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics
1905 revolution, 1
Bolsheviks, 4
civil war, 5
emancipation of serfdom, 2
Kronstadt Rebellion, 8
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monetary reform, 9
New Economic Policy, 8
prior to WWI, 1
Stolypin reforms, 2
war communism, 7
war with Japan, 1
WWI, 4
socialist self-management, 23
Solidarity, 22
Stalin J. V., 6, 13
Red Army purges, 12
Strategic Defence Initiative, 14
The Prague Spring, 22
the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, 5
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
war economy, 12
Tito Broz Josif, 22
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
collectivization, 11
dissolution, 14
establishment of, 6
first five-year plan, 9
GOELRO, 10
socialist industrialization, 9
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 6
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
expulsion from the League of Nations, 6
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
revealing Stalin's personality cult, 13
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
after WWII, 14
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Kosygin Reform, 15
UNRRA, 14
USSR. see Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics
War in Afghanistan, 14
Warsaw Pact, 22
Yeltsin Boris Nikolayevich, 18
Yugoslavia, 22
socialist economy model, 23
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Chapter 15: Czechoslovakia
Beneš Edvard, 1, 6
collectivization, 7
Council for Mutual Economic Assistance,
9
Czechoslovakia
February coup, 7
foundation, 1, 2
monetary reform, 9
transformation, 11
two-year plan, 6
Gottwald K., 6
Great Depression
and Czechoslovakia, 3
Havel Václav, 11
Heydrich R., 4
Khrushchev N. S., 7
Klaus Václav, 11
Kosice government programme, 6
large-area economy, 4
Marshall Plan
and Czechoslovakia, 6
Masaryk Tomáš Garrigue, 1
Munich Conference, 4
normalization, 7
nostrification, 3
oil crisis
and Czechoslovakia, 10
Prague Spring, 7
Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, 4
Rašín A., 2
revealing Stalin's personality cult, 7
Rozsypal Reform, 9
Slovak Republic, 4
Šik Ota, 9
Šik Reform, 9
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