PV219, spring 2023 Bit of History • HTML 3.0 was developed in 1995 • HTML 3.2 was completed by 1997 • HTML 4 was developed in the year 1998 • Ian "Hixie" Hickson – March 2004 (Netscape) • HTML5 was first started by Mozilla, Apple, and Opera under a group called the WHATWG (Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group). In 2006 W3C showed an interest in HTML5 and in 2007 they created a working group to work in HTML5 project. • Still under development / evolving instead of reinventing Defining what HTML5 is • Most recent iteration of HTML • New semantic and functional enhancements • HTML5 combined with other technologies like CSS3 and JavaScript/APIs create the modern web stack Syntax • Not that strict as HTML4 (no always lowercase tags, closing elements, empty attributes, double quotes) • Detailed rules for parsing, no more tag soup Comparing HTML5 to HTML 4.01 • Added over 25 new elements • Several other elements have been undepreciated from HTML 4.01 • Over 38 new global attributes • One can now define its own attributes, and still have valid markup ...syntactically. What’s missing • Frames • acronym, basefont, big, center, font, s, strike, tt, u • language attribute on script • Loads of presentational attributes: cellpadding, cellspacing, clear, size, … Do you know some new HTML5 elements? HTML5 Strict 1 New semantic, behavior, and application tags: section, nav, article, aside, hgroup, header, footer, address, figure, figcaption, time, code, var, samp, kbd, output, progress, meter, details, summary, command, menu, keygen HTML5 Strict 2 • video tag, API, and events • audio tag, API, and events • New form input types: telephone, search, url, email, date, time, month, week, number, range, color • New form abilities: multiple file upload; placeholder text; directing focus on initial page load; constraint validation by input type and properties HTML5 Strict 3 • New link rel types: alternate, archives, author, bookmark, external, help, icon, license, nofollow, noreferrer, pingback, prefetch, search, sidebar, tag, index, up, first, last, next, prev • UndoManager for consistent undos Semantic/Structural Elements - 1
Defines an article