PV226: Process Mining Seminar
Martin Macák
8. 10. 2020
Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University
Brno
Outline
∙ Basic overview of Process Mining
∙ Course information
What is process mining?
∙ Discipline that aims to understand and analyze processes.
∙ It uses a structured event log.
∙ We can use it to discover process maps.
Image taken from: https://camunda.com/bpmn/examples/
Why use process mining?
∙ We assume how the process is performed.
∙ However, how the real process looks like?
∙ There might be differences between the real execution and the assumption:
∙ special situations,
∙ "shortcuts",
∙ subjectivity,
∙ malicious activity.
How does process mining work?
∙ Typically works with event logs which represent processes
∙ These logs have to contain cases (sequences of events)
How does process mining work?
use webmin_backdoor (2)
set RHOST (1)
1
exploit (2)
1
set LHOST (2)
1 1
set RPORT (1)
1
set SSL (2)
2
set TARGET (2)
2
2
1
2
How does process mining work?
∙ Each event has:
∙ [𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑] caseId,
∙ [𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑] activity,
∙ timestamp,
∙ resource,
∙ other data.
How does process mining work?
∙ Sometimes, the mapping is not clear.
∙ For example, the name of the worker can be:
∙ resource,
∙ activity,
∙ caseId.
Where is process mining used?
∙ Healthcare
∙ Manufacturing
∙ Finance
∙ Public sector
∙ Usability
∙ Robotics, industry 4.0
∙ Utility
∙ Advisory, audits
∙ Biology
∙ Agriculture
∙ ICT
∙ Education
∙ Logistics
∙ Security
∙ Call center
∙ Entertainment
∙ Garment
∙ Retail
∙ Hotel
More details in [1]
Let’s start to mine!
Analysis of the past
∙ Process discovery techniques
∙ From the event log, we create a model that represents how the process was
executed
∙ Model can be represented as a petri net, activity diagram, BPMN diagram,
heuristic net, . . .
∙ Now we focus only on control flow
Analysis of the past: COVID-19 in South Korea
Disco Demo
Analysis of the past: Employees’ productivity
low (37) 2
medium (23)
16
@@E
19 4
high (20)
161
17
2
@@S
16
2
2
Analysis of the past: Cybersecurity training session
LevelStarted (3)
HintTaken-1 (3)
3
HintTaken-2 (3)
3
SolutionDisplayed (4)
2
WrongFlagSubmitted (1)
1
CorrectFlagSubmitted (3)
2
LevelFinished (3)
2
12
1
Process discovery activities
∙ We can:
∙ explore processes,
∙ discover process models,
∙ compare the model of desired behavior with the model of reality,
∙ check the deviations in historic data,
∙ promote the model that shows the desired behavior.
Adding additional perspectives
∙ Control flow is not the only perspective.
∙ We can enhance the existing process models with:
∙ social network analysis,
∙ organizational structures,
∙ resource behavior analysis,
∙ time perspective,
∙ decision points mining,
∙ . . .
Detecting deviations in processes
∙ We can check the conformance with the model:
∙ token-based replay,
∙ business rules,
∙ . . .
Token-based replay
Business rules
∙ Specific rules we want to follow.
∙ To define them, we can use Declare:
∙ Constraint-based workflow language that uses graphical notations and
semantics based on Linear Temporal Logic.
∙ Example:
Analysis of the present
∙ We analyze running cases.
∙ We can:
∙ detect deviations in real-time data using the model of the desired behavior,
∙ do real-time predictions (probability of success, remaining time, . . . ),
∙ make recommendations.
Deviation detection: past vs. present
Summary
∙ Process-centric data analysis.
∙ Process discovery, enhancement, and conformance checking.
∙ Past vs. present.
PV226 Course information
∙ e-learning (recommended: 2. – 7. week)
∙ https://www.coursera.org/learn/process-mining
PV226 Course information
∙ Project
∙ You can come up with your own topic, set your own difficulty.
∙ You can work in groups.
∙ We will have a meeting (in November) where we will discuss your topics.
∙ 14.1. — presentation of your work.
∙ Optional consultations of your project on Discord through the whole semester.
∙ Examples of project types:
∙ process discovery in tool Disco (https://fluxicon.com/disco/),
∙ process analysis in tool ProM (http://www.promtools.org/),
∙ process analysis in tool RapidMiner (https://rapidminer.com/),
∙ process analysis using Python
(https://github.com/pm4py/pm4py-source),
∙ survey research paper about the specific usage of Process Mining.
Additional sources
∙ Process Mining book [2]
∙ https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783662498507
∙ Use school VPN and you can download it! :)
∙ Our Discord server: https://discord.gg/CyykPVN
∙ Discuss anything with your colleagues and me :)
Resources
[1] C. dos Santos Garcia, A. Meincheim, E. R. F. Junior, M. R. Dallagassa,D. M. V. Sato, D. R.
Carvalho, et al., Process mining techniques and applications - a systematic mapping study,
Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 133, pp. 260 – 295, 2019.doi:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2019.05.003. [Online].
[2] W. van der Aalst, Process Mining: Data Science in Action, 2nd Edition, Springer Publishing
Company, Incorporated, 2016.