Smart City and complexity
Leonard Walletzký
When we want to speak about smart city
Definition of Smart City
Role and design of Services within the Smart City
Modeling the services
Definition of Smart City
Why do we need „correct“ definition of Smart City?
Many cities claim to be smart
Obviously, the implementation of ICT plays key role in city „smartness“
Smart City Council definition:
• A smart city is one that has digital technology embedded across all city functions
But is it just usage of ICT that does the city smart?
Possible definitions
A smart city is a place where traditional networks and services are made more
efficient with the use of digital solutions for the benefit of its inhabitants and
business.
• European Commission definition -
https://ec.europa.eu/info/eu-regional-and-urban-development/topics/cities-and-urban-developme
nt/city-initiatives/smart-cities_en
Smart City is the set of services, using ICT in non-trivial way that enables city
management and whole society to meet the challenges of city development
with the aim to improve its efficiency, habitation and sustainability, to bring its
citizens the highest value possible, formulated in understandable value
proposition.
• Lucie Števanková: Analysis of the Smart City from IT management point of view, Master thesis,
2018, Dean’s award
Main research questions
Do the Smart City Services have any structure?
How to design and realize Smart City services in the most efficient and complex way?
What competencies and knowledge are necessary to understand complexity of
services?
What are necessary inputs, implementation processes, limits, forms of financing and
other constrains to create valuable structure of services within Smart City?
How to formulate the rules to create effective, flexible and complex Smart City,
fulfilling the requests of administration, citizens and other related stakeholders?
Smart City Services
There are many different services, used in Smart City, with different role and customers
•Traffic control
•Route optimization
•Waste services
•Control systems
•Camera systems
We can find there many IT services, but in the basic level, we can recognize two main elements
•Software
•Hardware
How they are related or connected? What tasks do they really fulfill?
Is there any methodology we can use?
Help of Service approach
The key element of all services is:
• Value – usefulness or utility for the receiver of the service
• Value proposition – description of the value in the language of
receiver
Based on this we divided the Smart City services to
the layers depending on their value proposition.
• Do they serve for final user (citizen, administration) or are they
just „inputs“ for other services?
IT services
Supporting
services
Smart
services
Smart
features
Layered model of Smart City
Walletzky L., Buhnova B., Carrubbo L. (2018) Value-Driven Conceptualization of Services in the Smart City: A Layered
Approach. In: Barile S., Pellicano M., Polese F. (eds) Social Dynamics in a Systems Perspective. New Economic Windows.
Springer, Cham
Energy Mobility E-government Environment Emergency
Smart
Buildings
Smart
Energy
E-mobility
Traffic
Control
Public
Transport
Smart
Grid
Monitorin
g
Smart
Grid
Maintenan
ce
Energy2Grid
Management
of transport
Route
Optimization
Data
collection Storage Event
Processing
Control
Sensors Activators Servers Networks
Traffic
Monitoring
Smart
Charging
Smart
Services
software
Supporting
services
FeaturesITservices
hardware
Smart Citizen
Energy Mobility E-government Environment
Detailed Layers‘ analysis
Urban planning Smart Energy Mobility
Walletzky L., Buhnova B., Carrubbo L., Kazickova, T., Ge, M. (2020) Layered Landscape of ICT and Citizen Services
in the Smart City
The journey continued…..
The concept of
layers was not
alone
The same idea
was presented
by multiple
authors
And we have
investigated a
lot of models…
The main requests to the model
Understandable to the most of actors (common
language)
Reflecting the structure and dependencies of the
services
Enabling the value analysis
MulticontextualNone of the studied models (including ours) does not fit to all points
Layered model 2.0
Smart
Features
Smart
Services
Supporting
Services
Infrastructure
Customer facing
services
Background
services
Infrastructure and
supporting services
depend on specific
point of view and
terminology of
experts = context
(Zdenko Stanicek,
Helge Lobler)
We defined the new views that redefine the structure
• Enables to change the structure of the services defined on the current context
Context view
• Enable to reconfigure the structure of the services according to a view of
particular stakeholder
• Technically it is „just“ another context, but
• We want to exclude it as the special case
• We need to cover the situation if one stakeholder appears in more than one
context
Stakeholders (Actors) view
Smart service
Supporting
service
Infrastructure
service
Hardware
Hardware
Software
Software
Charging
station
Data
collectin
g Data
analysis
Smart
meter
Supportingservice
Building
safety
system
Energy
monitoring Smart
chargin
g
Route
opimization
Termostat
system
Smartservice
Public
transport
Electric
mobility
Smart
buildings
Transport
managem
ent
Smart
Grid
Smartfeature
Energ
y
Urban
planning
Mobility
E-governmen
t
Public
ligthnin
g
Enviro
nment Emerg
ency
E-He
alth
Stakeholders
Citizens
Service
provider
Supplier
Electric
Utilities
Enitonmen
tal
Protection
agenciesR&D
organizations
Manufacturer
s and
Vendors
Context
Servicecategory
Service
category
Service
e
We also defined two special groups
of services (can be taken as
projects):
•Service category – the group of
the related services belonging into
same layer
•Service package – the group of
related services belonging into
different layers
The new model
Associatio
nService category
lineService package
line
Interconnection/dependency
Customer-facin
g services
Background
services
The features of the model
Understandable to the most of actors
(common language)
Reflecting the structure and dependencies
of the services
Enabling the value analysis
Multicontextual
Advantages of the Layered model 2.0
The structure is complicated, but still understandable to all stakeholders
The fact, that Customer facing services seems to constant in the most (or all)
contexts helps a lot
It covers not only current state, but it is possible to add new services,
contexts, and views
It gives the researcher the global view to Smart City Services structure
Next steps
The Layered model 2.0 will be used to develop Service Catalogue for Smart Cities
The services will be analyzed from following perspectives:
• What is the request that gave the impuls(es) to create the service?
• What goal (related to what stakeholder) does the service fulfill?
• What stakeholders are involved into service design and provision?
• What are related services from different contexts?
The main task is to find a common methodology how to describe services in service
catalogue to help the municipalities with their development, maintenance and improvement
Current implementation of presented ideas
The methodology is currently used in the implementation of new SMART
methodology on ministry of local development of Czech Republic
The acceptance of service approach in this methodology on the state level
is the significant breakthrough of Layered model
More details will be presented on Informatics colloquium November 9th