SAGITTAL PLANE 180°
60;
0°
Neutral
FRONTAL PLANE 180°
HORIZONTAL PLANE 180°
Neutral 0°
130c
Neutral 0°
Internal rotation (inward)
External rotation (outward)
90ť
External rotation (outward)
0°
Neutral
Internal rotation (inward)
Figure C.6     Range of shoulder joint (gjenohumerai) motion: (a) starting position; (b) abduction; (c) sideward-upward elevation of arm (combining abduction of arm and upward rotation of scapula).
150°
180°
^n---- °*
-......f       Neutral
"l0°
Hyperextertsion
Neutral
90ů    90°
B
B
Extension
[dorsiflexion]
Neutral 0°
Flexion
[palmar-flexion
Neutral Radial           g°
deviation
Ulnar deviation
B
120'
FLEXION
0° Neutral
30° o
r less
0° Neutral
EXTENSION
30° or less
0C Neutral
90° 90°
ABDUCTION
0° Neutral
ADDUCTION
90'
Internal rotation (media
0C Neutral
90c
Prone
Neutral 0°
45c
External rotation
External rotation (lateral)
90c
Supine
Neutral 0°
nternal   External rotation   rotation
90° 90c
:—5Š\ Internal ^/~\0 rotation
ROTATION
135:
Hyperextension
0°
Neutral
20c     oN/
Inversion
Eversion
Neutral Flexion      ,     Extension 45°v
Neutral Of
Metatarsophalangeal   Interphalangeal joint                              joint
B
Extension 40°
60° Fiexio
Abduction -Abduction
Abduction Abduction
Distal interphalangeal joint
Proximal                       Metatarsophalangeal
interphalangeal joint                            joint
D
Toe spread
Neutral
35°
Figure C.l 1     Range of motion in the thoracic and lumbar spine: (a) hyperextension; (b) lateral flexion.