ESTIMATING BODY COMPOSITION What is Body Composition? Refers to the relative amounts of the different compounds in the body Why Study Body Composition? S Overweight vs. Over fat vs. Obesity S Risk for various diseases S Monitor change from an intervention S Some job requirements involve body composition standards S Athletic/sport limit factor BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) The ratio of mass to height2 BMI = body mass (kg) / body height (m)2 for example BMI = 80 (kg) / 1.72 (m) = 27.68 kg/m2 BMI < 20.0 is considered underweight A BMI > 30 is associated with greater prevalence of mortality from heart disease, cancer, and diabetes Elementary parameters •HEIGHT •BODY MASS • •BODY SURFACE Body surface S (m2) - DuBois: S = W 0,425 · L 0,725 · 0,007184 W – body mass (kg); L - height (cm) skenovat0009 MEN mean CZ 179 cm skenovat0010 WOMEN mean CZ 166 cm skenovat0011 MEN mean CZ 75 kg skenovat0012 WOMEN mean CZ 60 kg • BodyType msoFC171 skenovat0005 Body Composition Matiegka Method •4 components: • •Skeletal mass (bones) • •Fat body mass (fat) • •Muscle mass (muscles) • •Other fig_06_01 Width dimensions (diameter) •biepicondylar humerus •bistyloideus •biepicondylar femur •bimalleolar • GIRTH •relax arm •flexed arm •forearm girth •thigh girth •calf girth • • SKINFOLD MEASUREMENTS •triceps •subscapular •chest 2 •abdomen •supraspinal •biceps •forearm •mid-thigh •medial calf Pict0022 • MEN WOMEN • •Skeletal mass: 17% 16% •Muscle mass: 46% 41% •Fat body mass: 14% 22% •Other: 23% 21% body-composition-5-components-of-physical-fitness.jpg BIOELETRIC IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS (BIA) •DEVICE: •Omron •Tanita •Body stat •In-Body BIOELETRIC IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS (BIA) •Body fat scales use the Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) technique. •This method measures body composition by sending a low, safe electrical current through the body. •The current passes freely through the fluids contained in muscle tissue, but encounters difficulty/resistance when it passes through fat tissue. •This resistance of the fat tissue to the current is termed 'bioelectrical impedance', and is accurately measured by body fat scales. •When set against a person's height, gender and weight, the scales can then compute their body fat percentage. SOMATOTYPING The Heat-Carter Somatotype method SOMATOTYPE ENDOMORPHY describes the relative degree of adiposity of body (fat mass) MESOMORPHY describes the realtive muscle-skeletal development of the body (apparent robustness - muscle, bone) ECTOMORPHY describes the relative slenderness of the body (fragilitx of the limbs somatotyp Somatotype categories: Balance endomorph (balance mesomorph, balance ectomorph) 1 component predominantes, 2 and 3 are balanced Mesomorphic endomoph (ectomorphic endomorph, endomorphic mesomorph, atd.) 1 component predominantes, 2. is upper than 3. endomorph - mesomorph (endomorph - ectomorph, ectomorph - mesomorph) 1 component is below 3, 2. and 3. are balanced Central type All components are 3, 4 skenovat0001 Příklad 1: Endo 1,5 Mezo 5,5 Ekto 3 x y skenovat0007 skenovat0006