60°
SAGITTAL PLANE 180°
0° Neutral
90c
FRONTAL PLANE 180°
B
0° Neutral
HORIZONTAL PLANE 180°
Neutral 0
í^odduc*5>^i3(r
Neutral
Internal rotation (inward]
90°
External rotation (outward)
W
External rotation (outward)
0°
Neutral
Internal rotation (inward)
E
180
180
0
a.
180
er
Figure C.6     Range of shoulder joint (glenohumerai) motion: (a) starting position; (b) abduction; (c) sideward-upward elevation of arm (combining abduction of arm and upward rotation of scapula).
Adduction
(retraction)
Elevation
B
C

I«

Upward rotation
Downward rotation
Rhomboids
Trapezius
Levator
scapulae
Rhomboids Trapezius Levator scapulae
Serratus Anterior Pectoralis minor
Trapezius Pectoralis minor
150°,
180c
150
,    ------ 0°         I30ň
■-..t       Neutral
L"io°
Hyperextension
Neutral
90ů    90c
B
90c
B
Extension fdorsiflexion)
Neutral 0°
Flexion
{pa I ma r-f! ex i on)
90ů
Neutral
Radial          q°
deviation
Ulnar deviation
B
120'
0° Neutral
FLEXION
B
30° or less
0° Neutral
EXTENSION
30° or !ess
0C Neutral
90° 90^
ABDUCTION
0° Neutral
ADDUCTION
90c
Internal rotation (media
0C Neutral
90c
Prone
Neutral 0°
Supine
45i
External rotation
External rotation (lateral)
90
nternal  Externa rotation   rotation
90° 90°
Internal rotation
ROTATION
135(
Hyperextension
0° Neutral
Extension
fdorsi-floxion)^
Inversion
Eversion
Neutral Flexion     7    Extension 45°.
90*
Neutral
B
Metatarsophalangeal   Interphalongeal
joint                             joint
Distal
interphalongeal joint
Proximal
interphalongeal joint
Extension 40°
Abduction Abduction
Abduction Abduction
Metatarsophalangeal joint
Toe spread
DorsifJexion
Eversion
and abduction
(pronation)
Plantar flexion
inversion
and
adduction
(supination)
a.
b.
Lying prone
0° Neutral
20<
0C Neutral
a.                                                                                                                          b.
Figure Cl 1     Range of motion in the thoracic and lumbar spine: (a) hyperextension; (b) laterai flexion.