LESSON 2
The Aim of the ST
Structure of Sport Performance
The Theory of Sport  Training
Basic Principles

The kinds of sports
—Racing, competitive sport (children, youth, adults, recreational, second level  performance sport,
top sport…)
—Sport for health
—Sport of disable people

The aim of the ST
—Two ways of ST process:
- ST for keeping or improving the health state
- ST as a training process for competitors, for
  improvement of performance
—

The aim of the racing ST
—The aim of racing, competitive sport
To reach the individual highest performance in chosen sport or discipline with the help of
universal development of athlete
—The task of ST
- to learn technique skills and ability to use these
  skills during competition
- the development of motor abilities during fitness
  preparation
- the development of mental side of athlete

Structure of Sport Performance
Structure SP 2.jpg


Somatic  factor
—Building of body
– external appearance of athlete (somatotyp),
   anthropometric dimension – H, W, Length of
   extremities
- composition of body – internal environment

—                       Factor of technique
—The ability to learn new movement structure and use its during competition

Fitness, condition  factor
—Precondition to realize movement, motor abilities
—
—                   Tactical factor
—The ability to use the experience and knowledge to gain advantage over opponent
—               Psychological factor
—The development of individuality,  social abilities etc.
—

Classification of the SP
—Speed – strength performance
—Aesthetic – technical performance
—Endurance performance
—Games
—Combat sports
—The sport performance connected with the handling of some apparatus, animal or sport equipment
—Sensorymotor performance
—

Speed – strength performance
—Sports ?
—The aim: get over the distance as fast as possible, take the highest, longest  jump, lift the most
weigth barbell
—Motor abilities – strength, speed, co-ordination
—Motor skills – simple structure, locomotion, (cyclic, acyclic, combined), the number of skills-
small, variability ???
—Physiology – great energy cost during short time, nBM – 10 – 30000%
—Psychology – big concentration of volitional effort in short time

Aesthetic – technical performance
—Sports ?
—The aim: solution of difficult movement task
—Motor  ability: co-ordination, flexibility, strength, speed,
—Motor skills: great number of skills with difficult structure,  variability ???
—Physiology: not very high energy cost, aer-anaer. metabolism,  load – middle, nBM – 2 – 5000%
—Psych. –creativity,
—

Endurance performance
—Sports?
—The aim: get over the given distance in shortest time
—Motor ability: endurance, strength
—Motor skills: small number, structure simple , variability ???
—Physiology: middle energy cost per minute, but total cost during the whole time of race is
enormous
2-5000% nBM,  aer. metabolism,
—Psych: long term volitional effort and concentration, get over fatigue, persistence of effort

Games, collective sport performance
—Games??
—The aim: get over active opponent
—Motor ability: all
—Motor skills: high number, structure – very complicated,  variability high
—Physiology: load middle and changing, aer-anaer.metab., 1 – 2000% nBM
—Psych:  creative tactical thinking,  team motivation (team spirit), anticipation,  accept the
social rule of team

Combat sports, individual sports
—Sports ?
—The aim: get over active opponent
—Motor ability: all
—Motor skills: great number, structure – very complicated,   variability ???
—Physiology: small to high energy cost, 400-1500%nBM,  aer- anaer. metabolism
— volitional activity, the ability get over pain, control of aggression, decision under deficit of
time, anticipation
—

The sport performance connected with the handling of some apparatus, animal or sport equipment
—Sports ?
—The aim: get over distance, optional exercise  in shortest time
—Motor ability: all
—Motor skills: from low to very high number, structure – very various,  variability ?
—Physiology: energy cost 500-1000% nBM,  most aer. than anaer. met.
—Psych: decision under time deficit, get over the fear, scare, courage, risk,  danger, solve the
unexpected problems

Sensorymotor performance
—Sports ?
—The aim: the most accurate hit of the target
—Motor ability: co-ordination
—Moto skills: small number, structure simple, variability???
— Physiology: energy cost low, 400-700% nBM,
—Psych: high level of concentration,