Lesson 3
Development of sport performance
Adaptation to sport performance
Training load

žNatural
ž
žIntentional
ž
ž
žDesadaptation
ž
žMaladaptation

žMorphological – function adaptation
žMotion adaptation (Motor  learning)
žPsycho –social adaptation

žBasic cause of change – stimulus
žHomeostasis
žGeneral adaptation syndrom
žSupercompensation

Organ, function
increase
decrease
Muscle mass
+
Count of ATP, CP, glycogen
+
Myoglobin
+
Density of capillaries
+
Hearth mass and capacity
+
Max.hearth volume per minute
+
Rest hearth rate
+
Max. oxygen consumption
+
Rest respiratory  volume
+
Breath frequency during rest
+




žFirst stage - after 7-10 days of training – management and correction of complete movements
žThe second stage -  after  10-20 days of regularly  training occur to increasing of energy store
žThe third  - after 20-30 days  - optimization of partial movement activity management
(neural-muscle activity)
žThe fourth – after 30-40 days-  synchronization and improvement of coordination of all involved
component, start of the of cells and body organ function restructure and  the body get to the
higher level of rebuilding, higher level of fitness, performance.

ž LOAD
ž and
ž RECOVERY

žType of movement, exercise
žIntensity of load
žVolume of load
žFrequency of load

žRace exercises, content and structure of movement are the same as during competition
žSpecific exercises, content and structure of movement are on the high level of unity with the
movement during competition
žGeneral or universal means, every others exercises with low or no concordance with competition
movement

žThe volume is characterized with the help of all exercises stimulus’s sum and introduces
quantitative part of trainings load.
žGeneral parameters as the number of training days, trainings units, number of race, time of
regeneration
žSpecific parameters as the time of load, number of jumps, throws, repetitions of exercises etc.

žIntensity of load is the stimulus of power, which is the exercise realized with, or the rate of
effort (stress)
žQualitative variable

žVarious strength effort and various weight of load
žVarious speed (run) and frequency of movement (strength-endurance training etc.)
žThe level of HR or LA accumulation

ž



žZone 1 – sphere of AT, low intensity,
            LA 2 – 3 mmol, VO2max 50 -75 %
         HRmax  60 (50) – 80 %
 Development or maintaining of basic
 condition, endurance
žZone 2 – sphere of ANT, moderate to submax. Intensity,  LA 3 – 8 mmol, VO2max75 – 85(90)%,
 HRmax 80 – 95 %,
žDevelopment of specific long time endurance, strength, development of aerobic power (VO2max),

žZone 3 – stimulation of maximal oxygen consumption, accumulation of LA, VO2max 85 – VO2peak,
HRmax90(95) – 100%
specific performance
ž
žZone 4 – speed, explosiveness
ž LA – depends of time ,
     Intensity over 100%

žDepends on:
years training period
performance level
years of systematic, regularly  training
age
sex
aim of the training process

žApproximate time for recovery after various type of load:
žAfter hard training of maximal strength..48-72 h
žAfter hard and long aerobic training ..…… 48 h
žAfter easy  aerobic training ....................... 24 h
žAfter hard anaerobic – endurance training.48 h
žAfter easy anaerobic – endurance training.24 h
žAfter demanding speed training.................24 h
žAfter easy speed training ……….................12 h