Columna vertebralis, spina – spine, vertebral column [ˈvɜːtəbrəl or vəˈtiː- ˈkɒləm]


Vertebra, ae, F – vertebra [ˈvɜːtɪbrə], Gr. spondylos


Parts of a vertebra:
corpus vertebrae – the body of the vertebra
discus intervertebralis – intervertebral disc [intɜˈvɜːtəbrəl or vəˈtiː-]
arcus vertebrae – vertebral arch
foramen vertebrale -  the vertebral foramen  [fəˈreɪ mən] (opening)
processus vertebrae - the process of a vertebra

The human spine consists of:


vertebrae cervicales C1-C7(vertebra prima – septima) – cervical vertebrae [ˈsɜːvɪkəl
/ˈvɝː.tə.bɹi/, /ˈvɝː.tə.bɹeɪ/, /ˈvɝː.tə.bɹaɪ/
C1 = atlas [ˈætləs]
C2 = axis  [ˈæksɪs]
vertebrae thoracicae Th1-Th12 (vertebra prima – duodecima) – thoracic vertebrae [θɔːˈræsɪk]
vertebrae lumbales- L1-L5 (vertebra prima – quinta) lumbar vertebrae  [ˈlʌmbə]
vertebrae sacrales S1 – S5 (vertebra prima – quinta) – sacral vertebrae [ˈseɪkrəl]

vertebrae sacrales grow together into the sacral bone -  os sacrum
articular connection with the iliac bone -  os ilium

vertebrae coccygeae Co1 – Co3-5 (vertebra prima – tertia/quinta) coccygeal vertebrae [kɒkˈsɪdʒiəl,
-ˈsɪdʒəl].
coccygeal vertebrae grow together into the coccyx  [ˈkɒksɪks] tail bone/ tailbone - os coccygis

physiological curves/curvatures of the spine:

cervical lordosis  [lɔːˈdəʊsɪs]
thoracic kyphosis  [kʌɪˈfəʊsɪs]
lumbar lordosis

medulla spinalis – spinal cord – runs through the spinal canal -

a long, thin, tubular structure made up of nervous tissue covered by mater arachnoidea, pia mater,
dura mater – arachnoid mater [ə-ˈrak-ˌnȯid ˈmei-tər], dura mater  [ˈdu̇r-ə ˈmei-tər], pia mater
[paiə/pi: ə. ˈmei-tər].

http://sestryvip.studentiguh.cz/spinalni-traumata/

Cranial nerves – nervi craniales:

The cranial nerves  (CN) and their names:

CN I olfactorius  - olfactory

CN. II opticus  - optic

CN. III oculomotorius – oculomotor ˌ/ɒkjʊləʊˈməʊtə/

CN. IV trochlearis – trochlear  /ˈtrɒk li ər/

CN. V trigeminus – trigeminal  /traɪˈdʒɛm ə nl/

CN. VI abducens –abducens / æbˈdu sɛnz/

CN. VII facialis - facial

CN. VIII vestibulocochlearis – vestibulocochlear / vɛˌstɪbjʊːləˌkɒklɪə /

CN. IX glossopharyngeus  -  glossopharyngeal ˌ/glɒs oʊ fəˈrɪn dʒi əl/

CN. X vagus vagus – vagus  /ˈveɪ gəs/

CN. XI accessorius – accessory

CN. XII hypoglossus – hypoglossal ˌ/haɪ pəˈglɒs əl/