bk4003 English Wei-lun Lu Language Center Masaryk University About the Lecturer •Wei-lun LU •From Taiwan •Courses taught: Language, Culture and Mind (FF); English in Business Communication (CJV ESF); Medical English (CJV LF); Chinese for Absolute Beginners (CJV). •Office hour at CJV FSpS: Friday 9:00-9:30 (C15/111). • Your turn •Roster call (attendance…) • •My questions for you (please discuss in groups of 3 or 4): •“What are you doing here in this course?” •“Do you have any expectation of this course and what is it?” •“What is your (academic) background?” •“How can I/we make English useful in your situation?” • About the course •Natural communication in English related to sports •Simplified but highly informative language •English in sports as a form of ESP, different from teaching sports in English. •Interactive Syllabus •Listening •Answer keys to activities •Videos • Course requirements and grading •2 absences allowed •Final exam •Written part (computerized) •Letter writing •Oral exam • • Class structure •70-80 minutes •First 40: warm-up, review of previous lesson, and conversation •Kavárna in between for a short break •https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MMmOLN5zBLY •Second 40: more in-class activities • Warm-up: your background •Now in groups of 3 people, discuss the following (3-5 min): •“What study program are you in?” •“In your field, in what situation do you need English in your career?” • •Then share it with the class. • 15 Oct class meeting •Class plan •Show current oral exam topics •New oral exam topics •Tips for getting ready for the oral •Same oral exam topic revisited •Short demo of written exam questions •Another exercise: Body donation •What to do with aged clients? • More oral exam topics •to come in December (will be uploaded in IS) •Online oral exam terms in second half of January (current plan: 14 Jan, 28 Jan, 11 Feb), in MS Teams • Sample oral exam topic •A client attends a nutritional counselling. S/he has gained 20 kilos during the last year and does not feel well. S/he needs the consultant to help her make better dietary choices, lose the extra weight and regain lost confidence. The consultant gives her necessary advices. • •Role A: Client •Role B: Consultant • •Switch roles when you finish J General tips for oral exams •TIP 1 Give your opinion & use hesitation words. •Remember you may also be asked to give your opinion on the content of the picture and/or topics related to it. To start with, here are some expressions you can use: • • In my opinion As far as I’m concerned • As I see it I would say that • If you ask me Personally, • I suppose/believe/think/guess From/In my point of view • •In order to play for time, to give yourself time to think, you can use hesitation words or sounds (‘delaying sounds’). Make sure you don’t use them from your own language. They can sound strange in English! • •Well, … Err …, Let me see …, Mmm …, •Then …, I mean …, You know (what I mean), … •TIP 2. Don’t be afraid to interrupt and ask if you don’t understand what you are being told. To be able to ask for clarification or repetition, you may use the following phrases: • •Shall I start? •What do you mean? •I don’t (really) understand … •I’m not (quite) sure what I have to do … •Do you think you could say/explain that again? •Would you mind repeating it, please? •May / can I ask you a question? •Can I interrupt or say something? More Tips… •Asking the examiner/speaking partner to repeat can actually be the perfect opportunity to show off some complex language – e.g.: • •‘I’m sorry, I didn’t quite catch the last part …‘ •‘I didn’t quite get what you said …‘ •‘If I can just check what you are saying, you’d like me to …‘ • •And be confident to correct yourself if necessary! • •What I mean… •What I’m trying to say… •I don’t think I explained that very well… Summary: In a nutshell… Expressing opinion I think that / I would say that … Why don’t we…? It seems to me that … I’d like to point out… I’m inclined to think that The way I see it is that … I’m convinced that … As far as I am concerned … I’m fairly certain that … In my opinion /experience… If you ask me, I would say that … Disagreeing I don’t think so. But don’t you think that…? I see what you mean, but… That’s not always the case. I’m not so sure about that. I wouldn’t say that. I agree up to a point, but… You can’t be serious! Rubbish! / Nonsense! Getting into a discussion Excuse me, could I just make a point here? Excuse me, could I just say something here? Sorry to interrupt but …. I wonder if I could say something. I’d like to make a point here. I have something I’d like to say. Could I just add something, please? Clarifying your ideas What I’m talking about is … In other words … / What I said was … What I (really) meant was … (No) I didn’t mean that, what I wanted to say was … What I was (really) trying to say was … Sorry, let me explain it again. Agreeing I totally/fully/partly agree I’d go along with that. I couldn’t agree more. / No doubt about it. Exactly. You have a very good point here. I think so too. / Yes, definitely. You’re quite right. I suppose so. I guess so. So do I. Neither do I. Asking for clarification I’m sorry I don’t understand what you mean. What you mean is … I’m sorry, but what do you mean by …? Do you mean that …? So what you’re saying is … Oral exam topic (revisited) •Now, with the phrases given above, retry the role play. • •A client attends a nutritional counselling. S/he has gained 20 kilos during the last year and does not feel well. S/he needs the consultant to help her make better dietary choices, lose the extra weight and regain lost confidence. The consultant gives her necessary advices. • •Role A: Client •Role B: Consultant •Role C: Observer (who watches and gives advice afterwards) Sample exam questions (transformation) Transform the sentences so they have the same meaning as before: It is not possible for me to go out tonight. I ___________go out tonight. It is absolutely impossible to train without a proper warm up. You ______________ without a proper warm up. It is absolutely necessary to drink enough water when training. You ___________ drink enough water when training. Teachers recommend us to study properly. We _____________ study properly. It is possible that they are not at home. She ___________ at home. It is possible that he knows about it. He _________ about it. I am sure that they will not win the game. They ________ win the game. It is certain that all the players are ready. All the players______________ ready. Sample exam questions (passive) Transform the sentences to the passive voice: They built the building in 2010. The building________________ in 2010. They spend a lot of money on armaments. A lot of money_____________ on armaments. We gave the police the information. The police ____________ the information. They must prepare the materials till Monday. The materials _____________ till Monday. We will have to finish the task next week. The task _____________ next week. Sample exam questions (infinitive/ing) Change the verbs in brackets to suitable forms: inf./-ing: She enjoys _____________ (LIE) in the sun. I promised ______(HELP) him. I remember ________ (LOCK) the door last night. Please remember _____ (LOCK) the door when you leave. I couldn´t help ___________ (LAUGH). Can you help me _____________(MOVE) the table? He denied ____________(STEAL) the money. Would you like __________(WATCH) TV? Sample exam questions (tense) Use the verbs in brackets in a correct form: When the bell ___________ (RING), it is the end of the game. If our team _________ (LOSE) the match, we will be the worst in the group. If I _________ (BE) free, I would help you. He _____________ (BE) an excellent referee if he had more experience. If we had more money, we ____________(CAN) buy a new car. Sample exam questions (article) Complete the sentences with definite, indefinite or no article. For no article use “–”: I like watching _______TV and listening to _________ radio. Tom plays ______ football and I play ___________ice-hockey. The referee has got __________ assistants. ______Prague is ___________capital of ________ Czech Republic. Exam Training (Written) •1 Complete the gaps with most suitable words. There is always one word per gap. • •Body donation – learning from the dead • •Each year hundreds of people in England sign on to body donor registers. That decision can lead to 1 __ being dissected and scrutinised by medical students and researchers long after their death but 2 __ they volunteer themselves up for 3 __ good of science. 4 ___ the millions who would be put 5 ___donation by the thought of being used as a training device, Graeme Ellis wanted to help others in the event of his death. At first, he 6 ___for organ donation but was told he was not a suitable candidate due to a number of health conditions. He is now on the body donor 7 ___at De Montfort University's medical school. The 45-year-old from Leicester has diabetes, high blood pressure and suspected angina but while his health 8 ___him from donating organs he believes body donation will help others by training the doctors of the future. • Exam Training (Written) •Each year hundreds of people in England sign on to body donor registers. That decision can lead to 1 them being dissected and scrutinised by medical students and researchers long after their death •but 2 still they volunteer themselves up for 3 the good of science. •4 Unlike the millions who would be put 5 off donation by the thought of being used as a training device, Graeme Ellis wanted to help others in the event of his death. •At first, he 6 opted/went for organ donation but was told he was not a suitable candidate due to a number of health conditions. •He is now on the body donor 7 register/list at De Montfort University's medical school. •The 45-year-old from Leicester has diabetes, high blood pressure and suspected angina •but while his health 8 prevents/stops him from donating organs he believes body donation will help others by training the doctors of the future. Warm-up: Dealing with a geriatric client (15 min) •Instructions: Listen to the conversations again and build further from there. Role play in groups of 3-4 people. Roles: •Student 1: physiotherapist/health consultant •Student 2: elderly client •Student 3 (and 4, if need be): observer + commentator • •Step 1: Students 1+2 use their imagination and act out a very good (or a very bad) example of consultation. (5 min) •Step 2: Student 3 (and 4) comments on the role play (2 min) •Step 3: Switch roles and design a new one. (5+2 min) [USEMAP] [USEMAP] • • Common mistakes (written exam review) •Malnourished/under-nourished •Expose > expo___ •To gain (put __) weight •A patient is admitted to/discharged from hospital. •To _____ an appointment. •Someone be accused ___ CRIME/PROBLEM 31 Common mistakes •Malnourished/under-nourished •Expose > exposure •To gain (put on) weight •A patient is admitted to/discharged from hospital. •To make an appointment. •Someone be accused of CRIME/PROBLEM 32 •Here is a guide to some of the test questions which may cause the most trouble: • RELATING a WHOLE to its PARTS: • The thymus is a lymphoid gland ___d of two identically sized parts. • OR • The thymus is a lymphoid gland ___ing of two identically sized parts. • Each nephron is composed of a glomerulus and a small tube called a renal tubule. • • 33 •Here is a guide to some of the test questions which may cause the most trouble: • RELATING a WHOLE to its PARTS: • The thymus is a lymphoid gland composed of two identically sized parts. • OR • The thymus is a lymphoid gland consisting of two identically sized parts. • Each nephron is composed of a glomerulus and a small tube called a renal tubule. • • 34 •Common ways of relating a WHOLE to its PARTS: •It is composed of two parts. (passive) •It consists of two parts. (active phrasal verb) •It is a whole consisting of two parts. (-ing phrasal verb acting like an adjective) •It is made up of two parts. (passive phrasal verb) •It comprises two parts. (active) •It is a whole comprising two parts. (-ing verb acting like an adjective) • 35 • Problematic PREPOSITIONS: • …white blood cells capable ___ recognizing foreign substances • Kidneys are of critical importance ___ maintaining homeostasis. • Enlargement of the prostate gland interferes ___ urination. • Kidney failure may lead __ the need for a transplant. • Kidney failure may result __ the need for a transplant. • This tenderness is typical __ breast cancer. • Women are the most susceptible __ UTIs but they also can occur in men. • 36 •PREPOSITIONS: •…white blood cells capable of recognizing foreign substances •Kidneys are of critical importance in maintaining homeostasis. •Enlargement of the prostate gland interferes with urination. •Kidney failure may lead to the need for a transplant. •Kidney failure may result in the need for a transplant. •This tenderness is typical of breast cancer. •Women are the most susceptible to UTIs but they also can occur in men. • 37 • LIKELIHOOD: • Someone with a genetic predisposition to diabetes is likely __ develop diabetes. • Heavy smokers are likely __ get throat cancer. • (likely + infinitive) • • Older women are the most prone __ urinary incontinence. • Someone with a tendency to become nervous is prone __ nervousness. • People in my family are prone to _____ (overeat). • (prone + to + noun / V-ing) • 38 • LIKELIHOOD: • Someone with a genetic predisposition to diabetes is likely to develop diabetes. • Heavy smokers are likely to get throat cancer. • (likely + infinitive) • • Older women are the most prone to urinary incontinence. • Someone with a tendency to become nervous is prone to nervousness. • People in my family are prone to overeating. • 39 • CONDITIONALS: • Under normal conditions, if you heat water to 100°C, it boils. • (Zero conditional, general truth) • OR • Under normal conditions, if you heat water to 100°C, it will boil. • (1st conditional, common event) • If the patient survives, it will be a miracle. • (1st conditional, possible event in the future (but the context tells us it is unlikely)) • OR • If the patient survived, it ___ be a miracle. • (2nd conditional, hypothetical event in the future (and here the grammar suggests it is unlikely)) • If I had consulted a specialist in time, I would not ___ an urgent transplant. • (3rd conditional, hypothetical event and hypothetical outcome, both in the past) 40 • CONDITIONALS: • Under normal conditions, if you heat water to 100°C, it boils. • (Zero conditional, general truth) • OR • Under normal conditions, if you heat water to 100°C, it will boil. • (1st conditional, common event) • If the patient survives, it will be a miracle. • (1st conditional, possible event in the future (but the context tells us it is unlikely)) • OR • If the patient survived, it would be a miracle. • (2nd conditional, hypothetical event in the future (and here the grammar suggests it is unlikely)) • If I had consulted a specialist in time, I would not have needed an urgent transplant. • (3rd conditional, hypothetical event and hypothetical outcome, both in the past) • 41 • ADVICE: • The doctor advised me to ___ smoking. • (advise + object pronoun + infinitive) • The doctor recommended that I ____ smoking. • (recommend + that + subject pronoun + infinitive without ‘to’) • The doctor suggested that I ___ smoking. • (suggest + that + subject pronoun + infinitive without ‘to’) • The doctor said I should quit smoking. • (should + infinitive without ‘to’) • 42 • ADVICE: •The doctor advised me to quit smoking. • (advise + object pronoun + infinitive) • The doctor recommended that I quit smoking. • (recommend + that + subject pronoun + infinitive without ‘to’) • The doctor suggested that I quit smoking. • (suggest + that + subject pronoun + infinitive without ‘to’) • The doctor said I should quit smoking. • (should + infinitive without ‘to’) • 43 •WORD FORMATION: •Carcinoma of the testes is also called testicular cancer. •The inability to control urination… • means you are unable to control urination. •Blindness is considered a disability. • (If you are blind, you are considered disabled.) •Unfortunately, chronic diseases are often incurable •(but some diseases which are easily curable with proper medical care still go uncured in poorer countries because people don’t have access to doctors). •STDs can cause birth defects and infertility. •After fertilization, the zygote travels to the uterus. • 44