Knowledge processes

n    

                                    Data, information, knowledge

n  These words don't mean the same

n  We use different tools in work with each type of knowing



                                    Data,information, knowledge

                                                Data

n    We can sensually monitor them

n    Objective facts/symbols (not dependent on our consciousness)

n    Quantificable (speed, capacity, costs)

n    Quality of information process is not dependent on amount of accessible data



                                            Information

§      Information: data that are processed to be useful; provides answers to "who", "what",
"where", and "when" questions

n    Data with specific meaning

n    Related to needs of user

n    Contain specific purpose

n    Subjective character

n    Value of information

                                             Knowledge

§      application of data and information;

§      Information in interaction with our

  --   Experience

  --   Mental models and processes

  --   Relationships

  --   Values and principles

n    Applied in action

n    Knowledge management ^1 IS/IT

§      answers "how" questions





  

  

  

  

                                               Wisdom

n    accumulated knowledge of life

n    gives us real understanding

n    asks questions to which there is no (easily-achievable) answer

n    resides as  much in the heart as in the mind  

n    Can't be described by words   







                                    Explicit and tacit knowledge

n    Two forms of knowledge

n    Explicit k. -- can be expressed by var. Means

  --   Transferable

  --   Expressable by data

                                    Explicit and tacit knowledge

n    Tacit k. -- (implicit) highly personal, cannot be easily expressed

n    Interaction of expl.k. and intuition,experience,skills,ment.models etc.

n    Examples

n    Dimensions (individual-organization)

n    Example with waitress









n    Try to identify utmost examples of tacit and explicit knowledge in the univerity ambient

                                        Tacit knowledge    



n    "We know more than we can say"





                                             Conversion

n    Change of form of information

n    Results in origination of new information





                                             Conversion

                                             Conversion

n    Conversion process=SECI

  --   Socialization

  --   Externalization

  --   Combination

  --   Internalization

n    Authors: Nonaka and Takeuchi

  

                                      Sharing tacit knowledge



n    Narrating stories (analogies, symbols)

n    Apprenticeship (long-term,binding)

n    Communities of practices

                                          Knowledge market

n    Every information exchange in org.

n    Vital for every org.

n    Physical and virtual space

                                          Knowledge market

n    Vendors

n    Buyers

n    Mediators



n    Price of knowledge

n    Role of confidence

n    Why are info. provided for free



                                          Knowledge market

n    Knowledge market signals

  --   Inform, how and where to get concrete information

  --   Formal (status, education)

  --   Informal (communities, informal knowledge networks)

  

  







n    Which information can be sold and bought (and for what price) in academic sphere?



                                   Disfunctional knowledge market

n    When...

n    It's hard to find a vendor

n    It's hard to attain him

n    It's hard to evaluate the quality of information in advance







                            Supporting knowledge market in organization

n    Verbal and institutional support

n    Tools to evaluate knowledge

n    Motivation

n    Space organization

n    Accent on reusing kn.





                                     Analysis of physical place

n    Purpose(s) of the place

n    Information from the place itself

n    Exceptionality of place in knowledge sharing

n    Accordance of purpose and disposition of the place

n    Atmosphere of place as incentive of informal knowledge exchange

n    Groups of people attracted by the place and correspondence or concurrence in their needs

n    Suggestions how to optimize the place in order to foster knowledge exchange