The final authority for ASA format is the American Sociological Association, specifically the
American Sociological Association Style Guide found in the Cook Library reference stacks
[Ref HM73 .A54 1997] or Quick Style Guide for Students Writing Sociology Papers at
http://www.asanet.org/apap/quickstyle.html. The final authority for the bibliographic form,
including spacing of the references used in your paper, is your professor.
Books
One Author:
Pryor, Douglas W. 1996. Unspeakable Acts: Why Men Sexually Abuse Children. New York:
New York University Press.
Two Authors:
Nixon, Howard L. II and James H. Frey. 1996. A Sociology of Sport. Indianapolis:
Wadsworth.
Multivolume Work:
Borgatta, Edgar F. and Rhonda J.V. Montgomery, ed. 2000. Encyclopedia of
Sociology. 2d ed. 5 vols. New York: Macmillan Reference USA.
Authored Article in an Encyclopedia or Chapter in Multiauthor Collection:
Rothstein, Frances A. 1992. "What Happens to the Past? Return Industrial Migrants in Latin
America." Pp. 238-246 In Anthropology and the Global Factory: Studies of the New
Industrialization in the Late Twentieth Century, edited by F. A. Rothstein and M. L. Blim.
New York: Bergen and Garvey.
Include volume number if relevant, after page numbers (e.g. vol.3)
Dissertations and Theses:
Garcia, Whitney C. 2002. "Empowering Breastfeeding Promotion in the United States: A
New Approach to Policy Evaluation and Design Inspired by Lasswell's Classic
Vision." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Public Policy, University of Maryland,
Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD.
For examples of how to list government documents, abstracts, unpublished papers, and
translations in a reference list, see American Sociological Association Style Guide
[Ref HM73 .A54 1997].
ASA Style: Print & Electronic Sources
Reference Department
Albert S. Cook Library
Journals, etc.
Journal Article:
Kitchenera, Martin, Carol A. Caronna, and Stephen M. Shortell. 2005. "From the Doctor's
Workshop to the Iron Cage? Evolving Modes of Physician Control in US Health Systems."
Social Science & Medicine 60:1311-22.
Weekly Magazine Article:
Adler, Jerry, Debra Rosenberg, T. Trent Gegax, Pat Wingert, Daren Briscoe, Hilary Shenfeld,
Kiyoshi Martinez, Dirk Johnson, Jamie Reno, and Andrew Horesh. 2005. "Children of the
Fallen." Newsweek, March 21, pp. 26-31.
Newspaper Article:
Jack Fruchtman Jr. 2000. "Supreme Court Will Back Fla. Court," Baltimore Sun, November 30,
final edition, p. A25.
Book Review:
Fisher, Victor B. 2004. Review of People and the Land through Time: Linking Ecology and
History, by Emily W. B. Russell. Western Historical Quarterly 30:94-95.
Full Text Article: Available through an Electronic Database
Ovadia, Seth. 2003. "Suggestions of the Postmodern Self: Value Changes in American High
School Students." Sociological Perspectives 46:239-56. Retrieved June 14, 2005
(http://caliber.ucpress.net/).
Web Sites
U.N. Office on Drugs and Crime. 2004. Colombia: Cocoa Cultivation Survey. Retrieved
February 2, 2005 (http://www.unodc.org/pdf/colombia/colombia_coca_survey_2003.pdf).
"Annan: World Has Become More Unequal." 2004. CNN.com. Retrieved May 31, 2005
(http://www.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/americas/06/12/annan.un/index.html).
In-text/Embedded Citation (sometimes called parenthetical)
You can cite within the text of your paper in several ways including within a sentence or at the end
of a sentence. For a direct quote, include page number. All works cited must appear in the
reference list at the end of your paper. Below are some examples of in-text/embedded citation:
Baker (2003) found that education was even more important than health care.
"Results from early research indicated that a stable government fosters democratization"
(Smith, Fowler, and Evans 2003:26).
Use notes to explain or expand text or to clarify a table. Designate notes with sequential numbers
and list them in an endnotes section at the end of the body of the text, preceding the reference list.
For examples, see ASA Style Guide.
Albert S. Cook Library, Towson University 6/05sn asa_print.pdf