Terrorism in the Age of Globalization Terrorism has become a festering wound. It is an enemy of humanity Atal Bihari Vajpayee What is Terrorism ? •The unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims • •Causes of Terrorism •Ethno-nationalism •Alienation /Discrimination •Religion •Socio-Economic Status •Political Grievances •Individual motivations • The history of modern terrorism •French revolution •Evolution • • Výsledok vyhľadávania obrázkov pre dopyt IRA Súvisiaci obrázok King David Hotel 1946 Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand 1914 Výsledok vyhľadávania obrázkov pre dopyt 9/11 September 11 attacks Americas longest running conflict - •War declared on a non-state actor •Invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq •A lot of critique to the U.S for how they reacted to the attack •Guantanamo and Abu Ghraib • The connection between regime type and terrorism • • • • •Has regime type anything to do when it comes to terrorism and terrorist attacks? • • •Amichai Magen • •Global terrorism database (gtd) • • Six different regime types •Minimalist Democracies •Electoral Democracies •Polyarchys •Liberal Democracies •Closed Autocracies •Multiparty autocracies • The Ultimate argument for democratization Globalization and Terrorism •Is terrorism part of globalization? • •Local issues •Poverty •Exclusion from the free market • • •Basques in Spain •Hindu Tamil Tigers in Sri Lanka •Sikhs and Hindu nationalists in India • • Benefits of globalization for the international terrorism Number of cyber security incident reports by federal agencies in the United States from FY 2006 to 2015 https://www.statista.com/statistics/677015/number-cyber-incident-reported-usa-gov/ http://www.norse-corp.com/markets/government/ Benefits of globalization for anti-terroristic forces https://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/ https://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/ Future of America´s fight against terrorism •Only one thing is for sure – the war is not ending anytime soon • •What should USA do? -When fight, then fight in different way -Stopping propaganda -Spreading democracy, is it what locals really want? - - Terrorism Guerrilla/Insurgents Conventional army Units in fight Small (approximately 10man) middle (platoons) Big (Armies, Corps, Divisions) Weapons Hand guns, grenades, rifles, bombs Infantry weapons (s. artillery) Full extent of military capabilities Tactic S. tactics: kidnapping, assassination, bomb attacks, hostages Commando tactics usually combined operations Targets State symbols, political opponents and generally public Military, Police, political opponents Military targets, traffic and industry infrastructure Intentions Psychological pressure Weakening of the enemies military Physical destruction Control of the territory No Yes Yes Uniform No Usually wearing uniform Wearing of an uniform War zones Unrecognizable war zone War limited on the area of conflict Geographically recognizable war zone International legality No Yes - if it follows the rules Yes - if it follows the rules Home legality No No Yes "One man's terrorist is another man's freedom fighter" "We're in a world in which the possibility of terrorism, married up with technology, could make us very, very sorry we didn't act." — Condoleeza Rice Propaganda Picture: http://barenakedislam.com/2017/07/10/you-probably-dont-watch-cnn-anymore-but-you-should-boycott-the ir-sponsors-too/ Using principles of war against Insurgents in war against the terrorism • The ultimate goal is to cut bonds with insurgent groups -Fight to protect the local citizens -Creating the local police and military units -Securing the basic needs of the local citizens -Establishing the stable government -Supporting the economical development - --> The fight is about who wins the hearths and minds of the local population - - Výsledok vyhľadávania obrázkov pre dopyt democracy Is it what people in the Middle East really want? How will D. Trump´s administration proceed to the problem of terrorism and other. 12.4.2018 https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/A_Su-27_escorted_by_an_F-16.jpg Should USA be a leader? Thank you for your attention •V. Neradná •E. Gustavsen •M. Bukovský • References •Crenshaw, Martha. “The Causes of Terrorism.” Comparative Politics, vol. 13, no. 4, 1981, pp. 379–399. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/421717. •Foreign Policy Annual, 2003, Vol. 2 p.139 •Global Terrorism Database (GTD): https://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/ •Khan, A., Ruiz Estrada, M.A.: Globalization and terrorism: an overview. Qual. Quant. (2016). doi: 10.1007/s11135-016-0367-5 •Magen, Amichai (01/2018) Fighting Terrorism: The Democracy Advantage, Journal of Democarcy Volume 29, Number 1 2018. National Endowment for Democracy and John Hopknins University Press. •Mearsheimer, John (08/04/2002) Interview: Through the realist lens. Conversations with History: Institute of International Studies, UC Berkeley. Read 29/03/2018 •Notaker, H. (22/09/2018) Terrorangrepet 11. September 2001. •Store Norske Leksikon. Read: 09/04/2018 • •https://www.statista.com/statistics/677015/number-cyber-incident-reported-usa-gov/ •http://www.norse-corp.com/markets/government/ •https://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/ •http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people2/Mearsheimer/mearsheimer-con5.html •http://www.mepc.org/commentary/war-terror-future-directions 8.4.2018 •https://hlsonline.eku.edu/hls-101-terrorism •https://storymaps.esri.com/stories/terrorist-attacks/?year=2017 •https://storymaps.esri.com/stories/terrorist-attacks/?year=2018 •