The Contemporary Transformation of the International System
                                       Professor John Wilton
                                             Lecture 7

   Evaluation of the models of world order within the context of the contemporary international
                  system, and the challenges from other theoretical constructions

                                             Lecture 7

             THE ‘INTERNATIONAL’

                                        ____



 POLITICAL     ECONOMIC     CULTURAL     TECHNOLOGY



States-system       liberal free            identity (‘feeds’ Transmits
market          nationalism -  values &

historically                  or being eroded information

  specific                     by cosmopolitan

           INTERACTION         values?)     facilitates
net-                                              work growth

                                             Lecture 7

•                         examine, analyse and interpret elements within it;

•                         Examine, analyse the ‘whole’



      The international system today?

             - realist

             - liberal

             - constructivist

             - marxist



                                             Lecture 7

-                         Immanuel Kant’s ‘liberal theory of transformation’ (1795)

      - international society should be based upon:

         1) a constitution based on the civil right of        individuals within a nation;

         2) a constitution based on the international       right of states in their relationships
        with one another;

         3) a constitution based on cosmopolitan       rights

                                             Lecture 7

-                     ‘a pacific federation of states’ based on    notion of cosmopolitan rights

-             to preserve and secure the freedom of each state

-             AND this would lead to ‘perpetual peace’

‘Articles of a Perpetual Peace’

   - gradual abolition of standing armies

   - prohibition of intervention in the         constitutional and governmental      affairs of
other states



                                             Lecture 7

Kant’s theory:



     1) critical theory – transform relations     between states from ‘might’ to ‘right’



     2) a universal theory – based on universal principles of reason and rationality



                                             Lecture 7

Feminism and the question of standpoint:

      - realist, liberal. marxist, constructivist    models are all based on a patriarchal world
view (heirarchy and uniformity)

             - reductionist approach

Feminist ‘standpoint’ = ‘holistic picture’ (greater attention to diversity and inter-connectedness)

         - a ‘plurality of standpoints’ (contrasts with ‘false universals’ of liberal and
patriarchal   ways of thinking)



                                             Lecture 7

             THE ‘INTERNATIONAL’

                                        ____



 POLITICAL     ECONOMIC     CULTURAL     TECHNOLOGY



States-system       liberal free            identity (‘feeds’ Transmits
market          nationalism -  values &

historically                  or being eroded information

  specific                     by cosmopolitan

           INTERACTION         values?)     facilitates
net-                                              work growth