Challenges: Nation Building
Table 1.
Types of National Power
Type of Power Behavior(s) Primary Currencies Gov't Policies
Military Power Coercion Threats Coercive Diplomacy
Deterrence Force War
Protection Alliance(s)
Economic Power Inducement Payments Aid
Coercion Sanctions Bribes
Sanctions
"Soft" Power Attraction Values Public Diplomacy
Agenda Setting Culture Bilateral and
Policies Multilateral
Institutions Diplomacy
Source: Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics by J.S. Nye, Jr. 2004.
Criticisms of the Previous Slide
* U.S. ­ led nation building exercises has had
mixed success and failure (Dobbins, et al., 2003)
* U.N. ­ led had a greater record of success, but
is not long-lived & problematic, too (Dobbins, et
al., 2005)
* Track Two Diplomacy: Good concept, but
execution in practice is quite problematic (Kaye,
2007; Diamond, Larry in Fukyama, 2005;
Diamond, 2005).