V
Unilateral Control Model
Core Values and Assumptions
Achieve my goal through unilateral controf
Win, don't lose
Minimize expressing negative feelings
Act rational
I understand the situation, those who see it differently do not
I am right, those who disagree are wrong
I have pure motives, those who disagree have questionable motives
My feelings are justified
Strategies j	1 Consequences I	
i ■ Advocate my	! ■	Misunderstanding,
position	1	unproductive
1 ■ Keep my reasoning ipaal:; private i ■ Don't ask others		conflict and defensiveness
		Mistrust
i     about their	■	Self-fulfilling, self-
reasoning		sealing processes
' ■ Ease-in	■	Limited learning
, ■ Save face		Reduced effectiveness
	■	Reduced quality of work iife
Source; Adapted from Argyris & Schon, 1974, and Action Design, 1997.
C20Q2 Roger Schwarz & Associates, Inc. From The Skilled Facilitator: A Comprehensive Resourcefor Consultants, Facilitators. Managers, Trainws. and Coaches, by Roger Schwarz. Published by Josscy Bass. 20O2.
©
SO
■z.
:--J O
o
?
K - Mutual Learning Model
n
c 9r>
5
Z
n
Core Values and Assumptions
Strategies
Consequences
-
c
9
Valid information
Free and informed choice
Internal commitment
Compassion
I have some information, others have other information
Each of us may see things the others do not
Differences are opportunities for Seaming
People are trying to act with integrity given their situations
■ Test assumptions and inferences
■ Share all relevant information
■ Use specific examples and agree on important words
■ Explain reasoning and intent
■ Focus on interests not positions
■ Combine advocacy and inquiry
■ Jointly design the approach
■ Discuss undiscussables
■ Use a decision making rule that generates the commitment needed
Increased understanding, reduced unproductive conflict and defensiveness
Increased trust
Reduced self-fulfilling, self-sealing processes
Increased learning
Increased effectiveness
Increased quality of work life
Source: Adapted from Argyris & Schon, 1974, and Action Design, 1997.
©2ÖQ2 Roger Schwarz & Associates, Inc. From The Skilled Facilitator A Comprehensive Resource for Consultants. Facilitators. Managers, Trainers, ami Coaches* by Roger Schwaß. Published by Jos&cy Bass. 2002.