The	image	of	environmental	
NGOs	in	Czech	Republic	and	
how	to	improve	it	
Environmental	NGOs	and	society	
	
	 	
Ai	Nishimura	
Antonio	Montalbán	Espinosa	
Ho	Kwan	Lok	Alan	
	
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Table of contents
Introduction……………………………………………3
Background and Definitions……………………….......3
Method…………………………………………………3
Image of Environmental NGOs in Czech Republic……4
Image improval…………………………………………11
Conclusion……………………………………………...13
References………………………………………………15
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Introduction
Today, there are negative images such as less popular and dependent to environment
NGOs in Czech Republic, while there are also positive images. Improving problems
Czech environmental NGOs have would lead to solving their negative images. They are
faced with the some problems: how they make their influence larger not only regionally
but also internationally, how they improve the public motivation and trust, and how
they can become independent from government funds. Those images and the solutions
to the problems they have are discussed in the below.
Background and Definitions
Overall, in 2012, there were nearly 115,000 NGOs in the Czech Republic, including
areas in human rights, gender equality and environmental protection (NGO Partnership
Portal, 2014). The maturity of Czech civil society is growing.
Furthermore, Public Opinion Research Centre (2015) described that 51% of the Czech
population thought that the concern for the environmental protection of the Republic
was appropriate while 41% agrued that it was insufficient. It shows that there is a
diverse view of protecting the environment within the Czech population, which could
increase the difficulties of conducting environmental protection work here, as the
majority was satisfied with the present situation. More details of the image of Czech
environmental NGOs, and its room for improvement are analysed below.
In this essay, image is defined into general image and specific image. Former is
researched through three particular dimensions—international dimensions, regional
dimension and national dimension. It comprehensively forms the general image of
environmental NGOs in the Czech Republic. In term of specific image, 5 significant
NGOs from the Czech Republic are investigated in depth, which aims at building the
detailed description of the NGOs’ image.
Method
By reviewing academic journals, news and public opinion polls from international,
regional and national community, the general image of the Czech environmental NGOs
are formed. Information of the specific image is mainly researched from analysing
official sources, such as annual report and financial statement provided by the NGOs.
In addition to the part of giving suggestions to the Czech environmental NGOs to
improve their image, problems of its image are firstly summarized. Local and foreign
examples are used as the reference for establishing the solutions.
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Image of environmental NGOs in the Czech Republic
The whole part is divided into general image and specific image.
General Image
By reviewing academic journal, public opinion polls, news, and projects focus on
building image, general images of the environmental NGOs in the Czech Republic are
described below. As mentioned above, image is divided into international, regional and
national image.
International dimension
Continuously, environmental NGOs in the Czech Republic are received different kinds
of support from the international society, which indirectly represents its positive image trustable,
well-organized and functional. Jancar-Webster (1998) points out that there is a
close relationship between Czech NGOs and international organizations, such as
International Union for Conservation of Nature, the United Nations Environment
Programme, the Open Society Foundation and the Environment Partnership. These
groups provide both technical and financial support, including grants. By strengthening
the connection, a globally positive image, reputation, and even better publicity of Czech
environmental NGOs are formed.
There are also some examples of countries in different regions receive aids from the
environmental NGOs of the Czech Republic. Arnika, a Czech environmental NGOs,
offered financial grants to the environmental active groups in Kazakhstan, which is a
country in the Central Asia (Czech NGOs helping environmental groups in Kazakhstan,
2015). These funds were used for local environmental projects, such as reducing the
negative effects given by several waste landfills in the Country and illegal trade of the
horns of the endangered saiga antelope. Gradually, the international image of
environmental NGOs in the Czech Republic becomes more positive in the community
worldwide because of the foreign helps provided.
Regional dimension
As the Czech Republic is located in the East Central Europe, the regional image should
be in term of the Europe. Although the environmental NGOs of the Czech Republic
have relatively small power of influence on the European level, it has an image of active
participation. For instance, after the Czech Republic joined the European Union, 13
Czech environmental NGOs established the full partnership with members of the Green
10 (Pleines and Bušková, 2007). It includes ten of the biggest environmental NGOs on
the European level, such as Greenpeace, World Wide Fund for Nature and the Friend of
the Earth Europe. In fact, it occupies only 4% of the influence in the whole
organization. Although it has fairly limited influence, the communication and
cooperation network between the Region and locals have still been strengthened.
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Furthermore, funding from the European Union can simultaneously prove the positive
image of the Czech environmental NGOs. Jancar-Webster (1998) investigated that 66%
environmental NGOs in the Czech Republic obtained funding from the EU, which
occupied approximately 40% of its budgets on average. This shows that environmental
NGOs from the Czech Republic have a positive image, which is highly trusted and
heavily supported by the European Union.
National dimension
On the national level, the image of the environmental NGOs in the Czech Republic is
analysed in term of academic journals, public opinion poll and news.
Financially, the NGOs also have a healthy image. In details, 75% organization received
money from the Czech government. Averagely, it takes up nearly 30% of the budget
(Císař, 2010). It reflects that the government trusted the NGOs. According to Fagin
(2000), by gaining the trust from the governmental sector, government in the Czech
Republic conducted several projects to provide supports for the NGOs, including setting
up Civil Society Development Foundation, re-building the Green Parliament and the
Legislative Group. All of the actions leaded by the authority proves that the
environmental NGOs in the Czech Republic has a good, positive and healthy image.
The national image of Czech environmental NGOs from the public opinion poll is
different from the evidence stated above. A public opinion poll described that 42% of
the citizen distrusted non-profit organizations, including environmental NGOs (Public
Opinion Research Centre, 2014). It is a relatively high percentage of distrust towards
the NGOs in the Czech Republic, which shows a negative image of it.
Moreover, statistics showed that 51% of the interviewees agreed that “It is difficult for
them to do something for the environment personally.” (Public Opinion Research
Centre, 2013). Additionally, 27% of the citizens participated in activities related to
environmental protection in the last five years. Only 12% of the population is willing to
donate money to support those groups or movements aim at protecting the environment.
Although environmental NGOs in the Czech Republic is heavily funded by the
government, most of the statistics stated above shows that it does not have a popular
image, well-known reputation and high publicity in the whole society, which is a totally
different picture by comparing with its international and regional image.
Specific Image
From outside the system to inside the system
Following up, a research have been done in order to expose the most notable NGOs and
group foundations that are currently active in the Czech Republic. 5 NGOs are selected
for review. The main goal is to expose these NGOs covering all the spectrum of actions
in order to understand their image by investigating the activities they do and how these
have an effect on the community. Of course, these NGOs interact between each others
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covering all the spectrum by specialising on different activities and complementing each
others on differents levels.
・The Nadace Partnerství
Czech Environmental Partnership Foundation, in short Environmental Partnership is a
leading Czech foundation and NGO supporting sustainable development projects
throughout the country. It has supported 2100 projects since its founding in 1991. They
focus on supporting NGO´s, cities and schools in their environmental efforts, encourage
inter-sector cooperation and the participation of citizens in public affairs.
Their main objective is to raise awareness on the general public, by the support of main
topics focused on education and awareness. Their major projects are:
● Tree of Life, which helps communities plant trees.
● Greenways, recreational trails for hiking and biking throughout the country;
● Public Spaces assist municipalities in creating aesthetically pleasing public
spaces;
● Sustainable Transport Programme focuses on sustainable means of
transportation
● Schools for Sustainable Development involves school kids in initiatives such as
local culture and nature preservation;
● Partnership for the Kolín Region focuses on sustainable development in this
area.
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● Energy Alternatives program looks at nuclear energy.
It enables people to protect and improve their environment. For this purpose, it
distributes grants, runs education programmes and provides professional services (by
means of Partnership public benefit organization, a sister subsidiary public benefit
corporation).
Their focus is on the issues of environmental protection, sustainable transport and
tourism,tree and water protection and quality public spaces. Together with four
affiliated foundations in Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania and Slovakia we form
Environmental Partnership Association (EPA). Over 20 years of its existence,
Environmental Partnership has distributed more than 238 million crowns (cca 12,5
million USD) among 2,722 projects in the Czech Republic alone.
The Environmental Partnership are able to provide different services to the public like
tours, site visits and excursions focused on low energy architecture, city gardens and
local viticulture for expert and interested groups. Furthermore, they also grant services
in a more specific way, such as grant management for governmental agencies and
corporate donor, corporate volunteers engagement and competence building sessions for
employees or drafting mobility plans.
・Zeleny Kruh
This NGO is an association of 29 important ecological NGOs in the Czech Republic.
Their main focus is on ecology, but with the cooperation with other NGOs they also
engaged in development issues, climate protection, the conditions for the existence and
funding of NGOs and transparent funding from the structural funds.
Green circle was founded in November 1989 and is one of the oldest umbrella and
NGOs in the country. Their way of supporting and helping developing projects from
these NGOs is through law related activities, such as Monitoring of laws and processes
that have an impact on the protection and quality of the environment or affect the ability
of the public to participate in environmental decision-making, coordination of
legislative campaigns or by doing a complete overview of the legislation for member
organizations.
Recently they started a new project in coordination with others NGO, which the main
objective is to improve the public image of environmental NGOs. The project aims to
strengthen the positive image of environmental organizations and civic activism among
the Czech public. This project is supported by Civil Society Development Foundation,
and also by a grant from Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway through EEA (European
Environment Agency).
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・Arnika
Brief introduction of Arnika
Arnika, environmental NGO which has role of uniting those who are looking for more
improved environment, is working under their important principles, which are public
involvement, getting contacts between Arnika itself and media, and finally, argument
which is done professionally (Arnika, n.d.). The measures Arnika uses are
environmental issues announcement in media, making up public events, information
booths, leaflets publishing, and receiving financial support by not only individual and
associations but also municipalities (Arnika, n.d.). In addition, it works by lobbying and
by helping so that public can have something to do with Arnika’s activity (Arnika, n.d.).
Images of Arnika
Arnika is NGO which gives close images to local people. For example, Arnika has
campaign, “Paint for tree-lined avenues” (Arnika, 2015, para.4). Elementary school
students were the participants of this campaign (Arnika, 2015). The money over
350,000 crowns was collected through cooperation by 770 people from 2009 to 2015
(Arnika, 2015). In addition, Arnika succeeded in getting local road worker to succeed to
its action in the long run (Arnika, 2015). Through activities like this, Arnika and local
people can connect with each other deeply. Therefore, the image of Arnika is close to
local people.
However, Arnika are faced with difficulty. For example, through a campaign, Arnika
try to realize that local people can have something to do more with decision-making
process, and try to stop the current situation that the public financial resources are used
for incinerators, and the number of incinerators will be large by appealing to both
citizens and politicians on first hand (Arnika, n.d.). In opinion of Arnika, it is
incinerators and landfills which cause previous material destruction and are throwing
away waste in the long run (Arnika, n.d.). Now, there is a plan received by Czech
government, “new national Waste management plan” (“Friends,” 2015, para.2). It is a
plan from 2015 to 2024, which has established recycling target in 2020 which is small
and about municipal solid waste (“Friends,” 2015). However, the target-setting leads to
high concentration on facilities, for example, incinerators, which is to dispose of the
waste (“Friends,” 2015). In announcement of Veolia Czech Republic’s Director,
incinerators construction was concentrated on as important for itself (“Friends,” 2015).
From this fact, Arnika is, sometimes, faced with difficulties to achieve its goals
sufficiently and effectively in Czech Republic.
In terms of finance, the image of Arnika is dependence on specific sectors. According to
Arnika (2010), the size of EEA grants which are through NROS was larger than any
other money given by major donors including Czech donors in 2009. European Union
subsidies accounted for 24 % of total profits in 2009 and grants given by foreign funds
accounted for 28, 6 % (Arnika, 2010). However, the donations given by individuals and
members was only accounted for 6, 7 % of total incomes, while Arnika could collected
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money by state subsidies which was 16, 3 % in 2009 (Arnika, 2010). From this fact,
Arnika would give image which is dependent on governmental sectors.
• Česky Svaz Ochránců Prírody (ČSOP)
Brief introduction of this NGOs
Česky Svaz Ochránců Prírody (ČSOP), civic association founded in 1979, regards, for
example, nature protection, environmental education and sustainable life assistance as
important, belonging to IUCN, and to the UNEP Czech National Committee as a
founding member (Česky Svaz Ochránců Prírody, 2010). This NGO has a lot of
publications, informational brochures, membership magazine and so on (Česky Svaz
Ochránců Prírody, 2008).
Images of ČSOP
People can see positive and popular image of ČSOP in Czech Republic. This can be
seen from examples of its campaign, growing number of the participants in it, and large
number of the participants in its project. As an example, there was a competition by
ČSOP to decide the gardens which are living, and to make not only competitors but also
the public know dangerous kinds of gardens for animal from over 1,100 gardens in
Czech Republic (Česky Svaz Ochránců Prírody, 2015, p.40).The number of competitors
became larger through this competition (Česky Svaz Ochránců Prírody, 2015, p.40). In
taking another example of the campaigns, this NGO has a campaign, which is done on
international scale, for motivating people to protect the environment around them
through events which are organized for cleaning the places around them (Česky Svaz
Ochránců Prírody, 2015). Under this project, every year, there is cooperation by
approximately 35 million-volunteers who come from many countries whose number is
over 130 (Česky Svaz Ochránců Prírody, 2015). The image of this NGO is also good
internationally.
On the other hands, this NGOs has been paying attention to professional activities rather
than participation which is done directly by, for example, voluntary action, which is for
getting financial support (Carmin, & Jehlička, 2005, p.412). Not only have the norm
which is about civic engagement but also bond of trust been losing from ČSOP
(Carmin, & Jehlička, 2005, p.412). Carmin and Jehlička (2005) said that “the lower
levels of membership and emphasis on professionalization also suggest that a broader
reduction of participatory practices in Czech society may be taking place” (p.412). This
would also lead to negative image of this NGO in Czech Republic.
Certainly, ČSOP seeks donation from those who are interested in their work for ČSOP
(Česky Svaz Ochránců Prírody, 2015). However, in terms of finance, the image of this
NGO is dependence on specific resources. It was sometimes grants and membership
fees which led to the NGOs stability (Carmin, & Jehlička, 2005, p.404). According to
Duijvelaar (1996), the percentage of the grants given by government was 80 of total
budgets in 1996, while the rest of 20 % was collected through businesses whose
breakdown was 10 percent sponsoring and 10 percent membership fees. With grants, it
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is corporate sponsorships and making dues-pay members’ number larger which are
focused on toward keeping this association stable (Carmin, & Jehlička, 2005, p.412).
・Hnutí Duha
Brief introduction of Hnutí Duha
Hnutí Duha is a NGO whose campaigns are in order to solve various environment
matters from energy to agriculture (Friends of the Earth Europe, n.d.). Hnutí Duha has
two centers (CEE Bankwatch Network, 2011). One is in Prague for not only media but
also lobbying and the other one is in Brno for co-ordination (CEE Bankwatch Network,
2011). Hnutí Duha has campaigns such as lobbying, and grassroots mobilizations under
advocacy activities (Friends of the Earth Europe, n.d.). In some cases, for example, the
way this NGO had used was non-violent action such as blockade in Temelín where
nuclear power plant had been under construction, for disagreeing with nuclear power
(World Information Service on Energy, 1997).
Image of Hnutí Duha
First, image to Hnutí Duha is positive. For example, it can be seen from a festival held
in central Prague whose goal was boost of recognition to Hnutí Duha campaign, which
was for Czech climate law by putting pressure (Friends of the Earth Europe, 2012). In
the festival, there were several thousand people participants (Friends of the Earth
Europe, 2012). The influence of the Hnutí Duha campaign held for Czech climate law is
becoming larger, cooperating with businesses with which, such as, the Czech Green
Building Council has something to do (Friends of the Earth Europe, 2012). This would
establish good image to this NGO.
While Hnutí Duha has positive image as stated above, it, sometimes, gives also negative
image in accordance with measure it uses. Blockade Hnutí Duha takes, sometimes,
gives people negative images to Hnutí Duha itself. According to Jehlicka (2001), most
media and citizens thought that blockades are actions which appeal to emotions and
which are not rational at all in 1990s (p.8). The number of people who participated in
blockades by Hnutí Duha and other NGOs in Temelín nuclear power plant was small
(Jehlicka, 2001, pp.7-8). Hnutí Duha has a risk that its action lead to damaging its good
images. This would lead to negative images of Hnutí Duha .
In terms of finance, secure image can be seen from Hnutí Duha in Czech and
international place. In 2014, the grants accounted for nearly 50 % of the total revenue
(Hnutí Duha, 2015, p.1). Donation by supporters of Hnutí Duha accounted for about 40
% of total income in 2014 (Hnutí Duha, 2015, p.1). As for financial resource, in
addition to grants by many government sources, it is grants by not only Czech but also
international foundations which give money resource to this NGO for its projects (Hnutí
Duha, n.d.). And this NGO has cooperative relationships with other NGOs such as
Greenpeace, and financial support by, such as, EU and The European Social Fund in the
Czech Republic (Hnutí Duha, n.d.). In addition, it has memberships with Zelený kruh,
	 11	
and Friends of the Earth Europe (Hnutí Duha, n.d.). These relationships gives this
NGO’s image of strong ties with organizations.
Image improval
As the image of Czech environmental NGOs is given in term of international
dimension, regional dimension and national dimension, the suggestions for improving
the image are also constructed on the basis of these three dimension.
Improving international and regional image
In term of limited international and regional influence mentioned above, it is not
necessary that the local Czech environmental NGOs need to have huge influence
towards the whole international and regional society. But, appropriate level of influence
could assist their work in the local level, such as improving the bargaining power with
the local government, building up solutions for national and transnational problems,
conducting scientific researches, and even direct actions. Both financial and technical
supports could be come with a more mature relationship between local Czech
environmental NGOs, and international and regional organizations.
In details, Betsill and Corell (2008) suggests that NGOs could improve its international
and regional influence by giving more active communication with other actors,
including both environmental protection groups and other actors related to different
parts of the Spectrum. 2015 Paris Climate Conference or the Conferences of Parties and
Natural Resources Defense Council could be the examples of former. The examples for
the latter are organizations inside and outside the region. For instance, World Trade
Organization and World Health Organization are the international organizations, which
recently started to focus on environmental issues. In Europe, European Partners for the
Environment and Partnership for European Environmental Research are two of the
potential targets. Within other regions, Union of South American Nations, African
Union, Central Asia Union and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations could also
be one of the choices. As the awareness of environmental issues in the international
society and different regions is keeping raising, more and more international and
regional organization would have the tendency to build and strengthen the partnership
with environmental NGOs from different parts of the world, including environmental
NGOs in the Czech Republic. International and regional image could be continuously
improved.
Improving national image
The points should be addressed, lacking of public trust and awareness to participate in
the environmental protection works, and high dependence on the governmental source
of finance.
As far as the general public is concerned about the environmental issues nowadays,
there is a low individual approach to these matters in a general level. Due to the lack of
	 12	
trust of these NGOs, and low public awareness of these NGOs projects and goals, the
public image is restringed to a limit part of the population which are willing to get
involved in the matter.
This is one of the main solutions why in order to improve the image of these NGOs to
the public they must get involved into the education system, allowing the following
generations to get a grip of the current environmental situation and raise awareness for
future projects. Of course, if there is a local awareness coming from this younger
generation, it will make a deeper impact into the Czech society than any other foreign
policies or programmes. By educating young people in this matter, they will continue to
address these matters, and get involving in those actions with the following generations,
ending the general misunderstanding of the NGOs and their work that is currently
happening nowadays.
On the other hand, the problem of low willingness and trust must be dealt with in order
to improve the current situation. This is an urgent matter to attend, and the first steps to
follow are to offer an open and clean view of the financial status of the NGOs, as well
as the detailed overview of the projects and the goals accomplished. This will make the
population gain trust into these organizations, because they will show total transparency
and their full-clean objective of improving the actual environmental situation.
In terms of finance, for example, large funding from the EU, and the Czech government
as stated above also points that Czech environmental NGOs are dependent on
government funds largely. Czech environmental NGOs do not rely on individual
support so much as stated above. Certainly it is not necessary to be independent from
government funds completely, but it is desirable to focus on individual donations in
order to establish independent images of environmental NGOs in Czech Republic.
Today, Greenpeace and World Wide Fund for Nature are two of the good examples.
Greenpeace is a NGO which is campaigning by cooperating with individual supporters,
and by grants from foundations without government donations and corporation
donations. Therefore, Greenpeace can keep independent (Greenpeace International,
n.d.). It has more than 3 million individual supporters in all over the worlds who
contribute to Greenpeace campaigns (Greenpeace International, n.d., p.24). The large
number of individual supports is also key to independent image. It is needed to take
measures to rise the number of the NGOs supporters. The followings are examples to
think the way to get individual donations. If taking examples of Greenpeace Greece, it
succeeded in collecting $11,958 thanks to 600 people in one month through its
crowdfunding campaign, conceiving people to donate for doing their activities (MobLab
Team, 2013). WWF has a campaign which use technologies people are attached to, such
as Twitter (Rakos, 2015). Within one week, it made it possible for WWF to get signing
up by over 30,000 people toward the campaign which is for fundraising (“Social
Charity,” 2015). It also has a campaign so that people can fundraise easily by selecting
one way for fundraising and making individual’s fundraising campaigns on Internet,
	 13	
which is for WWF (WWF, n.d.). In one of the events, there are 1620 fundraiser and
$50,029 was raised for WWF works (WWF, n.d.).
Those methods can be the reference for Czech environmental NGOs to count on
individual donations and to establish independent images. For maintaining of the large
number of individuals, it is necessary to attract the public by using the today’s tendency.
As Greenpeace is, Czech environmental NGOs need to get individual donations more
by taking such points into consideration. Czech environmental NGOs can establish
independent image through getting individual donations more than now as one of the
methods.
Therefore, by reviewing different examples, suggestions aim at improving the
international, regional and national image of environmental NGOs in the Czech
Republic are given.
Conclusion
To conclude, the general image of environmental NGOs in the Czech Republic is quite
diverse. On both international and regional dimension, it receives different kinds of
support from those societies, including both technical and financial helps. It also have
an active participation of the international and regional organization, such as G10 on the
European Union level. These actions shows a positive and active image image of the
NGOs.
On local dimension, the statistics show that the Czech environmental NGOs has
relatively high dependence of the governmental funds. The supports from the general
public are absent, such as trust towards the organizations, the awareness of
environmental protection and individual donation.
In term of specific image of the Czech environmental NGOs, 5 organizations are
selected for in-depth analysis, including the Nadace Partnerstvi, Zeleny Kruh, Arnika,
Česky Svaz Ochránců Prírody (Czech Union for Nature Conservation) and Huní Duha,
from the inside system side to the outside system side throughout the Spectrum of
Strategies and Means. It generally confirms the finding stated in the general image with
sophisticated details.
There are several problems found in the research. The Czech environmental NGOs has
extremely limited influence in the international and regional organizations. It also does
not have enough support and trust from the general public in the Czech Republic.
In suggestions, more active communication between different sector should be one of
the solutions for improving its international and regional image, including both
environmental and non-environmental sectors.
	 14	
On the national level, Czech environmental NGOs also need to attract not only
government but also individuals and communities so that they can do their works
sufficiently. On an educational level a lot of work must be done in order to increase
public awareness on the community. By this means the public will increase its concerns
towards the environmental issues that occurs nowadays, raising their willingness to
support these NGOs and to accomplish the goals ahead of us.
Furthermore, the NGOs must do also their part of the work, by being clean and
transparent towards the public. In this way, they can attract more funds and support on
differents levels, but always having in mind that the public reacts to facts and the
accomplish of goals. Without tangible results, people lose interest.
By reviewing the general and specific image of the environmental NGOs in the Czech
Republic, and giving the solutions which try to tackle the current problems faced the
NGOs founded in the image part, the research question “What is the image of
environmental NGOs in the Czech Republic? and How could that be improved?” is
answer and analysed in depth.
	 15	
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