Simulation on Kosovo peacebuilding Reflective peace-building: The Dilemma of creating peace and democracy under international administration This activity addresses the role of international organizations in building peace in post-war Kosovo TIME FRAME Fall 1999 It has been three months since the end of war in Kosovo. NATO peace-enforcers patrol the streets and keep the fragile peace. The UN mission in Kosovo is tasked with administering the Kosovo territory until its final status is decided. The UN is also coordinating the work of hundreds of international intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations. The most important organizations in the ground are NATO, European Union, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). International nongovernmental organizations include Amnesty international, which documents human rights abuses, and International Crisis Group that focuses on conflict resolution. While civil war has stopped, there is sporadic political violence, and perpetrators are not caught. International and local actors fear the violent conflict may recur if effective democratic institutions are not in place. Various Kosovo political factions are using violence in order to get to power. The United Nations mission in Kosovo, led by Bernard Kouchner, is calling for a meeting of a coordinating committee that includes representatives of international organizations, local politicians, and NGO representatives in a consultative position. The goal of the meeting is to come up with a plan that addresses the following issues. 1) End of violence between political Albanian factions (Kosovo Liberation Army factions against Democratic League of Kosovo LDK 2) End of violence toward Kosovo Serbs 3) Preparing Kosovo for local and national elections. 4) Negotiating with Kosovo Liberation Army. KLA commanders want to integrate KLA soldiers in Kosovo’s new army and police forces. The UN and OSCE are worried because they want to create a professional force which will not include former combatants who have committed war crimes. 5) Each Albanian political faction wants to run the national administration on their own. The UN wants to discuss power sharing ideas with rival factions. See Creating Kosovo book for background. Kosovo timeline to war. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/kosovo/etc/cron.html Actors: UN Mission in Kosovo (1 representatives) Jeannette http://www.unmikonline.org/Pages/about.aspx Bernard Koushner, UN chief, humanitarian. Profile http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6666707.stm UN deputy head. UN refugee official UN police representative UN minority affairs OSCE http://www.osce.org/kosovo (1 representatives) Ahmet OSCE chief OSCE Human Rights OSCE elections official OSCE courts OSCE police NATO http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/topics_48818.htm (1 representatives) Klára NATO commander. Mike Jackson NATO Minority Affairs official EU office in Kosovo (1 representative) Simonas http://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/kosovo/eu_kosovo/political_relations/index_en.htm EU chief representative EU customs officer German Office representative (1 representative) Rokas French Office representative (1 representative) Tereza British office in Kosovo representative (1 representative) US office representatives (1 representatives). Viktória US ambassador US rule of law officer Kosovo Political Actors Democratic Party of Kosovo PDK (1 representative). Lukáš Hashim Thaci, party leader. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1474365/Hashim-Thaci PDK senior political official Alliance for the Future of Kosovo AAK (1 representative). Gabriela Ramush Hajradinaj, party leader http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2008/12/kosovo200812 AAK senior political official Democratic League of Kosovo LKD (1 representative). Mlada Ibrahim Rugova, party leader http://www.economist.com/node/5436910 LDK senior political official NGOs Amnesty International representative (1 representative) Michaela Amnesty International has been researching human rights violation by the Serbian state toward Kosovo Albanians during the 1990s. After the end of the war, Amnesty has expressed concern about violence toward Kosovo Serbs by retaliating Albanians. http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/serbia International Crisis Group representative [DEL: (1 representative :DEL] ) International Crisis Group provides timely research and advocates for conflict resolution in conflicts around the world. http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/europe/balkans/kosovo.aspx Council for the Defense of Human Rights and Freedom representative (1 representative) Council for the Defense of Human Rights and Freedom - Kosovo www.cdhrf.org/English/index_english.htm The Council for the Defense of Human Rights and Freedom monitors various aspects of human rights in Kosovo. The Council has worked since its founding in 1989 to promote domestic compliance with international human rights standards. It has focused on the rights of minorities in the province. The information gathered has been used by international organizations, including the U.N. Commission on Human Rights. The Council publishes electronic bulletins and organizes lectures and workshops on human rights through its network of branch offices throughout Kosovo. - See more at: http://www.wmd.org/resources/whats-being-done/peace-building-democracy/human-rights#sthash.RqrOOCUx .dpuf Media (1 representative) Veton Surroi (Koha Media) http://www.berghof-foundation.org/about-us/people/veton-surroi/ Serb community (1 representative) Michael Oliver Ivanovic Leader of Kosovo Serbs, Ivanovic has a clear stand that Kosovo should be part of Serbia. However, he is ready to work with the UN to represent the interests of Kosovo Serbs. Reflective peace-building: Before and after the role-play, ask yourself these questions: What is your goal? How will you achieve this goal? Why are your goals going to be achieved this way? Imagine what does it mean that some of roles are not include (how would their presence influence your position? Cooperate with who you thing may help you… I will ask you later and I will also evaluate your part according to your ability to formulate and apply it