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ORIGINS
•KARL MARX AND FRIEDRICH ENGELS
•1848 - THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO
•3 VOLUMES OF “CAPITAL” (1867-1883)

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BASIC ASSUMPTIONS


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KEY FEATURES


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STRUCTURE OF HUMAN SOCIETY
Source: Deviant Art

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DIALECTISM


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HISTORICAL/DIALECTICAL MATERIALISM
•Progress
•Emancipatory potential – critical theory
Source: Quora

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THEORY VS. REALITY
•Evolutionary (Kautsky) vs. Revolutionary (Lenin) strains
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•Scandinavia/Northern Europe vs. USSR and China
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•Global system vs. Particular Country
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•Socialism vs. Communism
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Source: Deviant Art

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3 LAWS OF CAPITALISM (MARX)


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LENIN’S 4TH LAW
Trotsky: World Revolution
Political reasons of capitalism’s demise

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TOWARDS NEOMARXISM
•THE MAJORITY OF THE AUTHORS:
•REJECTS RIGID ECONOMISM, DETERMINISM, STRUCTURALISM, MATERIALISM
•ACKNOWLEDGES VARIOUS FACTORS OF STRUCTURAL INEQUALITY OTHER THAN CLASS (E.G. GENDER, RACE, ETC.)
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SOME VARIANTS


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NEOMARXISM OF I. WALLERSTEIN: WORLD-SYSTEMS ANALYSIS


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WORLD-SYSTEMS THEORY: THRESHOLD CONCEPTS
Historical systems: mini-systems, World-Empires, World-Economy

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WORLD-SYSTEMS MAP
Source: Elwell, F. W.

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WORLD-SYSTEMS THEORY: PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS


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AFTERWARD: (F)UTILITY?
•CONTRADICTIONS WITHIN CAPITALISM PERSIST
•CAPITALISM IS EXPLOITATIVE
•MASSIVE INEQUALITIES DOMESTICALLY AND INTERNATIONALLY VS. DIVISION OF LABOR