https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lLkARyk4CTI Grammar – Connectors and Linking Words Sequence Result Emphasis · First / firstly, second / · secondly, third / thirdly, etc. · Next, last, finally · In addition, moreover · Further / furthermore · Another · Also · In conclusion · To summarise · So · As a result · As a consequence (of) · Therefore · Thus · Consequently · Hence · Due to · Undoubtedly · Indeed · Obviously · Generally · Admittedly · In fact · Particularly · In particular · Especially · Clearly · Importantly Addition Reason Example · And, also, · In addition / additionally · Furthermore · As well as · For · Because · Since, as · Because of · For example (e.g.) · For instance · That is (i.e.) · Such as · Including · Namely Contrast · Comparison · · However · Nevertheless · Nonetheless · Still, but (less formal) · Although / even though · Though · Yet · Conversely · Despite / in spite of · In contrast (to) In comparison · While, whereas · On the other hand · On the contrary · Similarly · Likewise · Also · Like · Just as · Just like · Similar to · Same as · compare(d) to / with · Not only...but also Task 4 – Conjunctions and Linking Words – Choose the best answer. More than one may be possible. 1) We are planning a series of conferences; however / therefore / nonetheless there will be a weekend devoted to International Relations in the 21^st Century. 2) I failed my exam precisely although / despite / because I didn’t have time to study. 3) There is no record of the transaction; nonetheless / while / thus there is no proof that it ever took place. 4) The speaker is ill and will therefore / because / although be unable to lecture today. 5) John, as / although / despite you speak French, I wonder if I could ask you about some words? 6) Some people believe that the politician became ill because / due to / hence he was poisoned. 7) Jerome Smith has ambitions in politics; despite / consequently / on the contrary he is interested in the media. 8) Hence / Because / As we have not heard from you, we assume that you have no objections to the proposal. 9) Everyone has arrived; because / consequently / however the meeting can begin. 10) Since / However / Even though everyone agreed, we went ahead with the proposal. 11) The talks broke down in spite of / although / because of the effort. 12) The parties did not reach an agreement because / because of / due to their mutual suspicion. 13) Thus / Although / As diplomatic relations were restored 6 months ago, ambassadors have not been exchanged yet. 14) Due to / Furthermore / Because widening differences, the two countries broke off relations. 15) Even though / However / As we did not agree on certain issues, in the end we made concessions. Fill in the missing words in the instructions for this writing task. BOTH EXAMPLES MORE OTHERS OPINION REASONS TOPIC A: Debate the following statement: Holding more referendums contributes to a better-functioning democracy. B: Discuss ______ views (agreement and disagreement) and give your _______. C: Give _______ for your answer and include any relevant _______ from your own experience or knowledge. D: You should write no _______ than 250 words. E: Formulate a clear _______ sentence that includes a controlling idea. Certain diseases are carried by insects, ___ malaria and sleeping sickness. 30 sec * moreover * for example * in addition to The Lakes, ___ Windermere and Grasmere, are a favourite choice for holidays among Britons. 30 sec * as well * besides * such as Football is Britain's national sport. ___, lots of people attend matches every Sunday. 30 sec * For example * Furthermore * In addition to ___ an increase in the number of cars, there has been an increase in the traffic offences. 30 sec * In addition to * Such as * Moreover It's often quicker to travel by train than by car or bus. ___, it's usually cheaper too. 30 sec * In addition to * For example * Besides Some languages, ___ French and Italian, are based on Latin. 30 sec * besides * as well as * such as Newspapers offer the reader a wide variety of articles, ___ news, sport and financial columns. 30 sec * for instance * such * besides Oxford is one of England's medieval cities. ___, it is an international centre of learning. 30 sec * For example * Furthermore * As well as All the children enjoyed the mountain climb ___ Brian, who injured his ankle. 30 sec * except for * except of * such as What other languages do you know ___ English and Spanish? 30 sec * apart from * for example * apart of ____ the warnings about the danger of smoking, many young people smoke. 30 sec * On the one hand * Despite * Although Helen is rather tall, ___ Shelley is quite short. 30 sec * in spite of * in contrast to * whereas I Have heard the new Dracula film is terrifying. ___, I found it quite boring. 30 sec * However * In spite of the fact that * Whereas The weather in France was dull and cloudy. ___, we all enjoyed our holiday. 30 sec * However * Even though * On the contrary ___ many other countries, China practises afforestation. They have planted millions of trees. 30 sec * On the contrary * In contrast to * While ___ the restricting laws, factories continue to pollute the air with fumes. 30 sec * Although * Despite * In spite Cambodia is a fascinating country to visit. However, ___, the security situation is very bad. 30 sec * in spite of * on the other hand * while Spain exports olives and wine, ___ cars. 20 sec * in addition * as well as * such as The teacher took me onto the main road ___ I could get experience of driving at higher speeds. 30 sec * in order to * so that * because of ___ our car broke down, we were able to fix it by ourselves. 30 sec * Although * Though * Despite ___ Shelly, everyone has helped to paint the school. 30 sec * Except for * Apart of * Whereas ___ other museums, here children are allowed to touch the exhibits. 30 sec * On the contrary * Whereas * In contrast to ___ her old age, she has an active social life. 30 sec * Spite * Despite * Even though She can´t take part in the play ___ a part-time job in the afternoons. 30 sec * on account of * so as to * because He checked with a doctor before he took up aerobics___be sure he was phisically fit. 30 sec * in order * so as to * so that