2ABD-Ingvs Infinitive /50 Fill in the gaps using the word given in a correct form: Dear sweetheart, I am sorry for_(tell) you this over a letter, but a lot of things have happened. I tried_(avoid) you lately by coming home late, but now I hope_(solve) our issues in this way. I admit_(not talk) to you directly is wrong, however, but this feels like_(do) at least something for the two of us. Lately, I have been unfaithful to you. I did not mean_(do) it, it just happened. Now I cannot forget_(do) what I have done, and I feel terrible about it. I was very drunk after a work celebration and she appeared _(be) very friendly. Before I realized it, we decided_(take) a taxi together and I ended up at her house. The rest, I refuse_(talk) about as I consider_(say) anything more harmful and cruel. I felt terrible immediately. The next few days, I avoided_(meet) her intentionally and then I volunteered_(do) extra work to make sure I do not face her or you. I decided_(cut) all ties with that person and all other people that knew her to make sure I will stop_(see) her forever. I can tell you know with absolute certainty that I managed_ (get) rid of her completely. I risk_(tell) you this because I still love you more than anything. But I could not carry on_(lie) to you like this. I promise_(do) everything to make this right again. If I forgot_(say) that she means nothing to me, let me repeat it. I happened_(do) something really stupid, but I deny_(have) any feelings for her. I expect_(read) this must be terrible to you. I decided to gave up _(drink) completely and I suggest_(go) to a marriage counsellor. With love Your stupid husband ► Grammar reference Unit 2 Modal verbs - speculation, deduction, possibility and probability (continued) (page 25) In the past, we use: • must have when we are 90 per cent certain that something was true. « may have, might have, could have, may not have, mightn't have when there is a 50 per cent possibility that something was true (or not). We can add well after may, might and could in the affirmative to say that there is a stronger possibility. • can't have when we are 90 per cent certain that something was not true. Modal verbs - might (page 25) We can use might (or may) as well (have + past participle) when we accept a situation because there is no better alternative. We might/may as well switch the TV off because there's nothing good on tonight. We can use might/may to admit that something is possibly true, even though we don't want to admit it. He might/may he rich hut he's got very had taste. We can use might (or couid) have + past participle to criticize somebody who didn't do something we think they should have done. You might/could have warned me that he was coming. We can also use might (or could) have + past participle to talk about a possible past situation that didn't actually happen. She was using the scissors without looking. She might/could have cut herself. ► Grammar reference Unit 3 Verb + -ing form and infinitive (page 34) We use verb + -ing form after these verbs: admit avoid carry on consider deny face feel like finish give up include keep (on) practise recommend risk suggest take up We use verb + to-infinitive after these verbs: afford agree appear arrange decide expect fail happen help hope manage pretend promise refuse seem volunteer wait We use the gerund or the to-infinitive after these verbs with little or no difference in meaning: begin bother can't bear can't stand continue hate love prefer start We use the gerund or the to-infinitive after these verbs but there is an important difference in meaning: stop to do;, you stop one activity because you want or need to do another activity stop doing;, you are doing something and then you stop remember to, do;, you remember you need to do something and then you do it remember doing: you do something and then you remember it later forget to do: you don't do something that you intended to do forget doing; you did something but now you don't remember it like to do; you do something because you think it's a good idea like doing; you do something because you enjoy doing it trytodo: you make an effort to achieve something try doing'- you do something as an experiment mean to do: you intend to do something mean doing: an action involves something go on to do: you stop one activity or topic of discussion and start another, new on go on doing;, you continue doing an activity Verb + object + -ing form and infinitive (page 38) We use the -ing form after these verbs when they are followed by an object: catch feel find hear notice overhear see We use the to-infinitive after these verbs when they are followed by an object: advise allow authorize beg choose encourage force hire inspire invite need order persuade pick recommend remind send teach tell want warn watch We use the infinitive without to after these verbs when they are followed by an object: feel let overhear see For general rules on when to use the gerund or infinitive, see unit 10. 1 3 8 Grammar reference ► Grammar in context Verb + -/'/?£ form and infinitive 1 Choose the correct alternatives to complete the sentences. 1 I gave up to study/studying French when I was sixteen because 1 had such a bad memory for vocabulary. 2 The price of the sight-seeing tour includes to go on/going on, the London Eye in the afternoon. 3 After a lot of practice I finally managed to remember/ remembering, all my lines in the play. 4 Dan recommends tojee/seěng. the new Sherlock ••tellies ... film, which was released last week. 5 The new student in our class seems tobe/tfeing very friendly. 6 When you take these tablets you can expect to feet/feeling a little tired for a while. 7 Do you feel like toga/going for a coffee after the lecture? 8 Has anyone volunteered to help/helping with the induction day for the new students? 2 One sentence in each group has a mistake in it. Find and correct the mistake. A sentence !: remember' tc hrm D 1 Did you remember bringing your laptop today? We'll need them next lesson. 2 I remembered to ask the teacher about the school trip this morning. 3 I don't remember doing these last exercises. I was probably pretty tired. 1 I tried to persuade my dad to lend me his car but he said no. 2 Have you tried having a milky drink to make you sleep? 3 I must try concentrating more in class and not let my mind wander! 1 I like to write a translation beside the new English words because it helps me remember them. 2 I like listening to my MP3 player while I'm travelling on the train. The Killers are my favourite band. 3 I like doing my homework straight after school so that my evenings are free. 1 My brother can't stop to play computer games. I think he's got a problem. 2 On our way to the concert we had to stop to ask directions three times. 3 My mum stopped working when she had my baby sister because she needed more time to look after us. 1 After winning his first big chess competition at the age of eight, Leo went on to win another fifteen competitions before he became a teenager. 2 Mum asked my brother to come downstairs for dinner but he went on to play his video game. She wasn't happy! 3 Yesterday my dad started a new job and in the evening he went on talking about it for hours! 3 Complete the sentences with the correct option a, b or c. 1 Reading early science fiction books inspired me........_ a writer. . . a becoming b to become c become 2 I overheard our teacher..................that she was planning to give us a surprise test on Friday morning. a saying b to say c say ■ 3 ■ If anyone is.caught...... in an exam they'll be sent home immediately and'the paper discounted. a cheating b to cheat c cheat 4 Can I persuade you....................me a game of chess when you finish work? a giving b to give c give 5 In history classes the teacher often lets us..............research on the computer for projects. a doing b to do c do 6 Jason reminded us.................to his place about seven o'clock to help him do the food for his party. a going round b to go round c go round Grammar extension 4 Complete the sentences in your own words so that they are true for you. Yesterday I agreed.......................................................... This morning I tried.................__________ Last night I didn't remember...................... When I was younger I couldn't stop At the moment I feel like 5 Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in the box. be carry on forget go leave meet put say take take on work Last week I arranged (1)......................................................Rachel Vines, the 65-year-old Irish actress who is starring in the new-production of Chekov's The Cherry Orchard in London's West End at the moment. She apologised for (2) ..... .................late, saying that she had forgotten (3) the time in her electronic diary. She went on (4)........................................................frankly that her memory was getting worse as she was growing older. In fact, she admitted (5)................._..................................her lines several times in the last couple of months. This is obviously a big problem for theatre actors and Rachel is considering (6) theatrical work. She would like (7) working in film where the problem is not so important but she feels that she cannot risk (18) ...................another play in the West End. I asked her whether she had tried (9)......................................................to a memory trainer but she said that she had decided not (10).........................that path. Rachel has enjoyed (11) in the theatre and has given us some memorable performances. I am sure her work in film will bring us many more. ■ ► Grammar in context GRAMMAR GUIDE Verb + -ing form and infinitive 1 Can the -ing forms in bold be changed to a fo-infinitive or vice versa? If so, does the meaning of the sentence change? He continues reciting decimal points. The calculator has stopped displaying them. They struggle to read non-verbal signals. They tend to be over-literal. The world began to make sense. He remembers sitting for hours in exactly the same spot. He has learned to calm himself by dosing his eyes and counting. ■ ■ - ■ (GRAMMAR REFERENCE ► page 138 ) 2 Put these verbs in the correct column. Then check your answers in the Grammar reference on page 138. admit afford agree arrange avoid begin bother can't bear/stand carry on consider continue decide deny expect feel like finish give up help include keep (on) manage practise promise recommend refuse risk start suggest take up volunteer wait verb + -ing form verb + to-infinitive verb + -ing form or fo-infinitive with little or no change in meaning admit Complete the text with the correct form (-ing or to-infinitive) of the verbs given. In 2009 Daniel Tarn met agreed (a)................................................(give) an interview to Scientific American magazine. In the interview he suggested (b)...............................................(follow) different tips in order to learn (c)................................................(think) better. In the interview, he admits (d)................................................(find) it hard to imagine how other people see numbers, because of the fact that he sees them as colours, shapes and textures. He says that he struggled (e)................................................(learn) in a normal way at school and that he refuses (f)................................................(believe) in so-called Intelligence tests' because intelligence itself varies a lot from person to person. Tammet is particularly interested in language learning. He says there is no doubt that learning a language helps (g)................................................ (focus) attention. He also recommends (h)................................................(learn) a language in order to stay young and alert. His tips for improving memory include (i)................................................(use) your imagination, as he says this creates deeper associations with what you are trying to remember. And he also claims that you can manage (j)................................................(recall) more information if the place where you are trying to remember the information has some similarity to the place where you originally learnt it. Unit 3 Work in pairs. Look at these pairs of sentences and discuss how the meaning changes depending on the verb form, 1 a Remember to bring your dictionaries to class. 1b I remember putting the book in my bag yesterday. 2a Try to do the exercise, even if it's difficult. 2b I tried walking but my leg still hurt. 3a As I was leaving I saw Matt and we stopped to chat. 3b After half an hour we stopped running and sat down. 4a Doing this exam means studying really hard for the next ■ three months: ■ - -■. 4b I didn't mean to hurt your feelings. 5a The teacher first explained the social background and then went on to talk about the economic situation. 5b The teacher went on talking for hours and hours, 6a I like to study my notes once a week. 6b I like meeting new people. Decide if the sentences are correct. Rewrite the incorrect sentences. 1 On my way home from school I stopped buying bread. 2 Hours after the exam I kept on to think about the mistakes I'd made. 3 My younger brother admitted to take my laptop. 4 I like to check my emails at least once a day. 5 Do you realize that doing this course means paying a fee? 6 Don't bother to knock, just come in. 7 Have you managed answering all the questions7 8 I'm going to volunteer helping them with their equipment. 9 I don't mean being rude but I think you've made a mistake. 10 Do you feel like coming with me this afternoon? 6 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Talk about: 1 something you tried to do but without success. 2 something difficult that you managed to do. 3 something that you feel like doing this weekend. 4 something you can't afford to do but wish you could. 5 a hobby or activity that you would like to take up. 6 something you'd like to keep on doing when you've left school. 7 something you can't stand doing at the weekend. 8 something you would avoid doing if you could.