Contemporary Social Policy in the E.U. Lecture 4 Additional Sources: Journal of European Public Policy Vol.14, No.5, 2007 (Special Issue: Mutual Recognition as a New Mode of Governance) Duina, F. and Raunio, T. (2007) ‘The open method of co-ordination and national parliaments: further marginalisation or new opportunities?’, Journal of European Public Policy, 14:4, pp.489-506. [USEMAP] Contemporary Social Policy in the E.U. Bailey, I. (2002) ‘National adaptation to European integration: institutional vetoes and goodness-of-fit’, Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 9, no. 5: 791-811. Bomberg, E. & Stubb, A. The European Union: How Does It Work?, Oxford, Oxford Univ. Press, 2003. (especially Ch. 6 & 7) Cini, M. European Union Politics, Oxford, Oxford Univ. Press, 2003. Dinan, D. Ever Closer Union, Basingstoke, Palgrave, 2005 (espec. Ch. 14 – Social Policy, Employment and the Environment) Falkner, G. Hartlapp, M. Leiber, S. Trieb O. (2004) ‘Non-Compliance with E.U. Directives in the Member States: Opposition through the Backdoor?’, West European Politics, Vol. 27, no. 3: 452-473. Falkner, G. & Trieb, O. (2005) ‘Explaining E.U. Policy Implementation Across Countries: Three Modes of Adaptation’, in Falkner, G. Trieb, O. Hartlapp, M. & Lieber, S. (eds.) Complying with Europe. E.U. Harmonisation and Soft Law in the Member States, Cambridge, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2005 [USEMAP] Contemporary Social Policy in the E.U. Lecture 4 George, S. & Bache, I. Politics in the European Union, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2001 Hooghe, L. Cohesion Policy and European Integration, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2005 (espec. Ch. 12 – Policy Networks) Princen, S. & Rhinard, M. (2006) ‘Crashing and creeping: agenda-setting dynamics in the European Union’, Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 13, no. 7: 1119-1132. Sherrington, P. (2000) ‘Shaping the Policy Agenda: Think Tank Activity in the European Union’, Global Society, Vol. 14, no.2: 173-189. [USEMAP] Contemporary Social Policy in the E.U. Lecture 4 The basis of, and principles underpinning, E.U. social policy: harmonisation, mutual recognition and convergence? [USEMAP] Contempoary Social Policy in the E.U Lecture 4 1.Harmonisation and convergence 2. Diversity and mutual recognition [USEMAP] Contemporary Social Policy in the E.U Lecture 4 Harmonisation Mutual Recognition (CONCEPT) (CONCEPT) ---I-----------------I---------------I--- Convergence (PROCESS) [USEMAP] Contemporary Social Policy in the E.U Lecture 4 BUT, by Maastricht Treaty (1993) Social Charter stated account should be taken of “diverse forms of national practices, in particular in the field of contractual relations” - stressed the need to maintain the competitiveness of the Community’s economy [USEMAP] Contemporary Social Policy in the E.U Lecture 4 Harmonisation of social policy not defined as, or suggested to mean, complete unification of social systems and public policy - But acceptance of certain common principles and standards of social policy [USEMAP] Contemporary Social Policy in the E.U Lecture 4 -harmonisation seen as means of avoiding ‘welfare tourism’ • - and avoiding distortion of economic ‘competition’ [USEMAP] Contemporary Social Policy in the E.U Lecture 4 Single European Act (1985) – convergence in fiscal and employment law -improvement in infrastructures and standards of education and training -for competitive Single European Market harmonisation of social policy necessary [USEMAP] Contemporary Social Policy in the E.U Lecture 4 - BUT Jacques Delors, as Head of the E.U. Commission, - advocated COHERENCE/COHESION = Acceptance of diversity and ‘MUTUAL RECOGNITION’ [USEMAP] Contemporary Social Policy in the E.U Lecture 4 COHESION = Member states ‘encouraged’ to co-operate and co-ordinate their efforts in order to bring about greater economic and social cohesion between the regions [USEMAP] Contemporary Social Policy in the E.U Lecture 4 ‘Community Charter of the Fundamental Social Rights of Workers’, 1989 -harmonisation in context of freedom of movement – object of harmonising conditions of residence in all member states - harmonise duration of paid leave from work - harmonise safety conditions at workplace [USEMAP] Contemporary Social Policy in the E.U Lecture 4 ‘Community Charter of the Fundamental Social Rights of Workers’, 1989 - allowed member states to continue with national differences in social protection systems - Social Charter (Maastricht Treaty 1993) – no mention of harmonisation - respect for national differences [USEMAP] Contemporary Social Policy in the E.U Lecture 4 ‘Open Method of Co-ordination’ (OMC) - formally launched at Lisbon EU Council, March 2000 - purpose to spread legislative (and therefore, policy-making) ‘best practices’ across the EU Member States – primarily in the areas where the EU had no formal regulatory competence [USEMAP] Contemporary Social Policy in the E.U Lecture 4 SUMMARY: 1.Each enlargement made harmonisation less likely 2.‘Deepening’ versus ‘widening’ – contradiction between economic and monetary union necessitating social policy convergence and expansion of E.U. complicating convergence [USEMAP] Contemporary Social Policy in the E.U Lecture 4 SUMMARY: 3. Differences in social policy in each member state due to stage of social and economic development of each country – plus specific forms of national social policy resulting from social, economic, political and cultural traditions BUT - can identify some underpinning principles of E.U. social policy [USEMAP] Contemporary Social Policy in the E.U Lecture 4 SUMMARY: -i.e. principles of E.U. social policy based on ‘core values’ of social progress (i.e. high levels of employment, social protection, raising living standards and quality of life, promoting social cohesion and social justice) [USEMAP] Contemporary Social Policy in the E.U Lecture 4 SUMMARY: ‘Europeanisation’ of social policy? -based upon framework of principles of social protection, social welfare, social justice, equality of opportunity -A balance between harmonisation, convergence, diversity and mutual recognition [USEMAP] Contemporary Social Policy in the E.U Lecture 4 SUMMARY: ‘Europeanisation’ of social policy? -A multi-level, varied approach model of E.U. social policy integration, respecting diversity through mutual recognition - in different social policy areas and at different social policy levels, different integrated approaches and degrees of integration employed [USEMAP]