Bill of Exchange in Europe


                                         Summary of essays



                        Holder in due Course Doctrine Compared with Sec. 17 UBA

            Aval Guarantee

                        Changes in Text of Bill of Exchange/Promissory Note

                        Recourse Rights

                        Requirements of a Bill of Exchange (usually faults)

Requirements of a Promissory Note (usually faults)

            Protesting the Bill of Exchange and Promissory Note

                        Agency in Bill of Exchange Relationships

                        Maturity of a Bill of Exchange

            Consumer Protection and Bill of Exchange

                        Participants of the Promissory Note

                        Incomplete and Ambiguous Instruments – Rule of Interpretation

                        Signatures on the Bill of Exchange/Promissory Note

                        Endorsements

Special Types of Endorsements

                        Participants of the Bill of Exchange

                        Payment for the Bill of Exchange – Practical Issues