PF_PPT pruh+znak_PF_13_gray5+fialovy_RGB Zápatí prezentace Introduction to the Czech civil Law 1st lesson jan.hurdik@law.muni.cz www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT2 PF_PPT_nahled Zápatí prezentace 2 Introduction to the course I nAim of the course: nDescription of history, contemporary situation and its crucial crossroads and future development of Czech civil law nMethods of course: nGenetic-procedural (very rich history) nComparison (with national laws, European law..) nDescription nContent of course nCivil law (6 lessons) nCivil procedure law incl. structure and organisation of justice (6 lessons) nTermination of the course (1 lesson) n www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT2 PF_PPT_nahled Zápatí prezentace 3 Introduction to the course II n Basic sources and literature: nTextbook „Introduction..“ – to buy in the bookshop or to borrow from the library or to copy in the library (+ on IS) nFormer Czech civil Code (eng.) – on IS or to borrow or to copy nFormer Czech commercial Code (eng.) – on IS or to borrow or to copy nNew: Czech civil Code (machine translation) – on IS nNew: Private Law Reform. Lavický, Hurdík et al., Brno: MU, 2014 nNew: Hurdík-Fiala: Contracts. Czech Republic. IEL. Kluwer Int. upgrade 2014 – on IS from November 2013 n www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT2 PF_PPT_nahled Introduction to the course III nCompleting literature: nHurdík-Fiala: Contracts. Czech Republic. IEL. Kluwer Int. 2009 – upgrade 2011 – on IS nHurdík-Polčák-Smejkalová: Czech law in European regulatory context, Wien-München 2009 nPoplawski-Šramková: Legal sanctions..Brno 2008 n Zápatí prezentace 4 pruh+znak_PF_13_gray5+fialovy_RGB PF_PPT Zápatí prezentace 5 Czech civil Law Introduction.. www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT2 PF_PPT_nahled Zápatí prezentace 6 Czech civil Law I – from past to future n n1811 - austrian General Civil Code/Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch n1937 – project of Czechoslovak Civil Code (1939 after occupation of Czech Republic canceled) n1950 - 1st Czechoslovak Civil Code (141/1950 Sb.-Coll.) n1964 - „socialist“ Czechoslovak Civil Code (40/1964 Coll.)–was changed by Act 509/1991 Coll. n1964-1991 – 2 national (Czechoslovak) civil Codes were parallel (side by side) in force: it was next to Civil Code, the Code of International Commerce (101/1963 Coll.) n n www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT2 PF_PPT_nahled Czech civil Law I – from past to future II n1990 „federal“ project of new C.c. n1996 „Zoulík´s project“ of new C.c. nfrom 2000 - started project of new Czech Civil Code n2012 – new Civil Code was accepted in Parliament and signed by the President of Czech Republic (20.2.2012) n23. 2. 2012 new C.c. was published in Coll. nfrom 1.1.2014 new Civil Code will be in force nAccepted and published also: complementary acts (mainly civil procedure) – see below n Zápatí prezentace 7 www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT2 PF_PPT_nahled Zápatí prezentace 8 Czech civil Law II – System of former private Law (by 31.12. 2012) n1811 – private Law = civil Law nIn the course of 19th century, and especialy in the 2nd half of the 20th century the Labor Law, Family Law and Commercial Law as the separated branches of private law were established nBy 31. 12. 2013, the parts of Czech private Law were: nCivil law (Civil Code – Act 40/1964 Sb., Author´s Act 121/2000 nCommercial Law (Commercial Code – Act 513/1991 Sb. nFamily Law (Family Act – Act 94/1963 Sb.) nLabour Law (Labour Code – Act 262/2006 Sb.) n n www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT2 PF_PPT_nahled Czech civil Law II – System of new/existing/in force private Law nRecodification of Czech civil law changed the entire system of Czech private Law: nThe parts of Civil Code are: nFamily Law (part two of C.c.), nLabour Law: legal capacity to be the part of labour regal relations, legal reference (link) to labour contract in Labour Code, nmain part of Commercial Law – commercial contract (excl. Act of commercial Corporations) n Zápatí prezentace 9 www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT2 PF_PPT_nahled Czech civil Law II – System of new/existing/in force private Law II n2 essential parts of the system of private law: nGeneral private law (C.c.) nSpecial private law (part 2 of C.c. – family; commercial law (pro parte in C.c., pro parte in special acts); consumers protection law (pro parte in C.c., pro parte in special acts) nCriterion to distinguish: method (technology) of legal regulation Zápatí prezentace 10 www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT2 PF_PPT_nahled Czech civil Law III – System of new private Law nThe integral parts of Civil Code are not: nLabour Law (Act No 262/2006 Coll., Labour Code) : Systemic relation between C.c. and L.c.: general regulation – special regulation nThe law of commercial corporations (Act. No 90/2012 Coll.) nThe international private Law (Act. No 91/2012 Coll.) n n n Zápatí prezentace 11 www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT2 PF_PPT_nahled Current situation of Czech civil law I nThe new Czech Civil Code has been signed by President (20th February 2012) nThe text of NCC was published in the Collection of Laws on 23th March 2012, No 89/2012 Coll. nNew Czech Civil Code came in force from 1st January 2014 nThe base of recodification of Czech Private Law is composed of 3 legal acts: nCivil Code (89/2012 Sb.-Coll.) nAct of commercial Corporations (90/2012 Coll.) nInternational private law Act (91/2012 Coll.) n n n www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT2 PF_PPT_nahled Current situation of Czech civil law II nCode civil No 89/2012 Coll: contents general private law nSpecial private law: nLabour Law (Act. No. 262/2006 Coll. – Labour Code nCommercial law (esp. Act. No. 90/2012 Coll. – Commercial corporations nInternational Private Law (esp. Act. No. 91/2012 Coll.) n„European“ private law (EU PL in broader sense) Zápatí prezentace 13 www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT2 PF_PPT_nahled Published complementary legal acts to C.c. 1)Act 256/2013 Coll., land registry act 2)Act 257/2013 Sb., changing some acts concerning l.r.a. 3)Act 292/2013 Sb., special civil procedures 3)Act 293/2013 Sb., changing civil procedure order 4)Act 294/2013 Sb., changing bankrupcy act 5)Act 303/2013 Sb., changing some legal acts concerned by the recodification of Private Law 6)Act 304/2013 Sb., concerning legal regulation of public registries of legal and natural persons n Zápatí prezentace 14 www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT2 PF_PPT_nahled Complementary acts prepared/refused n n Proposal of legal Act concerning Status of public utility n refused by Senat 13th September 2013 n Zápatí prezentace 15 www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT2 PF_PPT_nahled Zápatí prezentace 16 Czech civil law III – New Czech Civil Code nStructure of the text: n5 parties: nPart One : General Part nPart Two: Family Law nPart Three: Absolute property Rights (incl.Inheritance) nPart Four: Relative property Rights (Contract and Tort Law) nPart Five: Final, Transitory and Repealing Provisions n 3.080 paragraphs (ABGB 1502; BGB 2385; Hungarian CC cca 1500; Slovak CC 880.. www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT2 PF_PPT_nahled The main attributes of conception of new civil Code I 1)Universal Code of private Law – integration of entire private Law 2)Proclaim itself charter of private basic rights – C.c. lost that function - Constitution; now the goal of C.c. to apply the constitutional rights–horizontal impact of b.r. 3)Based on the doctrine of natural law – applied mainly – juridical conception of human being (§ 19) and principles of private law (§ 3). Danger – implementation of principles of natural law leads to the destruction of grounds of natural law. 4)Based on individual position (the social dimension is missing) 5)Discontinuity/breach of existing development n www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT2 PF_PPT_nahled The main attributes of new civil Code II 6)Basic institutes family, property (ownership) and contract (responsibility?). 7)Deeper „privatization“: mainly contract relations (more autonomy, more non-mandatory rules, more respect to the will – last will/testament..). 8)Between tradition and modernization/upgrade of Civil Law regulation, the legislator accepted the traditional concept (ABGB, Draft of Czechoslovak Civil Code 1937)and refused the future development 9)Denied the function of Code civil as the tool of the control of social relations. www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT2 PF_PPT_nahled The main attributes of new civil Code III nMotto: F.v.Zeiller: Code should be „kurz, klar, abstrakt“ (short, clear, abstract) M.T.: buta ember 1)Rule: the same word - the same meaning/the different word – the different meaning 2)Wide range of different terms of the same word meaning (e.g. equity principles) 3)Many terms of very near word meaning (groups of principles) 4)Many problems with functional/working implementation of the term into context (The effect of judgement on the juridical act: once validity, another time formation of juridical act, another time effectiveness of j.a. § 33 odst.1, § 46 odst.2, § 50) Zápatí prezentace 19 www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT2 PF_PPT_nahled The main attributes of new civil Code IV n5) The trouble in translation the terms (how to translate Good Faith and Fair Dealing of DCFR to Czech C.C.? n6) Attention to details of regulation – C.C. won´t work (example: 8 steps to choose the person who can/shall bury the dead person §114 odst.1, 9 steps to choose the authorized person to agree with the intervention into the human integrity (§ 97 odst. 1) n7) Reccurent terms in modificated versions (exam.: principles) n8) Former, extincted social relations (výminek- exchange? § 2707n.) n9) A lot of presumptions and fictions – Civil Law resignes from the aim to be true image of social reality n10) What is containted in code has the same importance as what there misses (equality before the law, of opportunities, solidarity, juridical relation as the paradigm of all legal/judirical constructions..) n www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT2 PF_PPT_nahled Zápatí prezentace 21 Czech civil law in European frame n4 levels of civil law: nNational civil law (former Czech civil law) nNational civil law (recodification of C.c.) nEuropean dimension of civil law de lege lata (existing European „civil“ law) + new projects (horizontal directive, Common European Sales Law Regulation -CESL..) nEuropean dimension of civil law de lege ferenda (different projects of europeization of civil law – Lando commision: PECL, Study group: DCFR, Gandolfi principles, UNIDROIT principles..) nDesire or real possibilities of development ? n n www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT2 PF_PPT_nahled Current development of the Civil law legislation nThere exist deep different experts opinions concerning basic concept of private law reform nOne of the strong criticisers – dr. Robert Pelikán – was designated from March 2015 – the Minister of Justice nLegislative activities of Ministry of Justice follow the large changes of new C.c. Zápatí prezentace 22