pruh+znak_PF_13_gray5+fialovy_RGB PF_PPT_en CZECH FAMILY LAW II. MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE © Zdeňka Králíčková Radovan Dávid 2015 www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT_nahled PF_PPT_en2 2 WEAKENING MARRIAGE, PARENTAGE AND FAMILY LIFE after 1989? nrejecting/delaying marriage nlow fertility rate: 1.2 child per woman nmarital instability: high divorce rate nincrease of quasi-marital unions: both homo- and hetero-sexual nincrease of children born out of wedlock: more than 30% nincrease of one-person households: 10% nnew problems: baby-boxes, „secret“ child births nincrease of international child abductions n n for more see www.czso.cz www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT_nahled PF_PPT_en2 3 Chart: Marriages and divorces, 1950-2009 www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT_nahled PF_PPT_en2 4 Chart: Percentage of extra-marital births, 1950-2009 www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT_nahled PF_PPT_en2 5 THE NATURE OF MARRIAGE (CC No. 89/2012 Coll.) npermanent cohabitation of a man and a woman nthe same sex couples are not allowed to get married n ►matrimonium putativum n ►since 1. 7. 2006 registered partnership n n www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT_nahled PF_PPT_en2 6 IMPEDIMENTS TO MARRIAGE (672 – 679 CC) nINFANCY (under 16 years: no ?, 16 – 18: permission) nTHE SAME SEX nPRIOR MARRIAGE - REGISTERED PARTNERSHIP nBLOOD AND ADOPTIVE RELATIONSHIP n (siblings, ascendents – descendents) nMENTAL ILLNESS AND INCAPACITY n nPROBLEMS: nMATRIMONIUM NULLUM (court decision, effects: § 680 NCC) nMATRIMONIUM PUTATIVUM (ex lege: § 677 NCC) n www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT_nahled PF_PPT_en2 7 obligatory pre-matrimonial preparatory proceedings by register office ► documents, forms ► the aim: valid marriage nFOR CIVIL WEDDING ndate nFOR CHURCH WEDDING ncertification www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT_nahled PF_PPT_en2 8 CONCLUSION OF MARRIAGE mutual consent nCIVIL WEDDING § 657 CC) n nbefore municipality authorised to keep registers (some exceptions) nCHURCH WEDDING (§ 657 CC) n nbefore a church or a congregation registered by the state and with special rights (21) n ncertificate not older then 3 months isssued by register office (state) within obligatory pre-matrimonial preparatory proceedings nrecord in the state register is obligatory www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT_nahled PF_PPT_en2 9 CHURCHES AND RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES AND ASSOCIATIONS OF CHURCHES AND RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC nSPECIAL RIGHTS FOR RELIGIOUS WEDDINGS n nAPOSTOLIC CHURCH nBAPTIST UNION OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC nSEVENTH-DAY ADVENTISTS CHURCH nEVANGELICAL BRETHREN CHURCH nCZECHOSLOVAK HUSSITE CHURCH nCHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST OF LATTER-DAY SAINTS nGREEK CATHOLIC APOSTOLIC EXARCHATE IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC nROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH nEVANGELICAL CHURCH OF THE CZECH BRETHREN nEVANGELICAL CHURCH OF THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC nEVANGELICAL METHODIST CHURCH n nFEDERATION OF JEWISH COMMUNITIES IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC nMORAVIAN CHURCH (UNITAS FRATRUM) nBRETHREN ASSEMBLIES nEVANGELICAL (LUTHERAN) CHURCH OF THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC nRELIGIOUS SOCIETY OF CZECH UNITARIANS nRELIGIOUS SOCIETY OF JEHOVAH'S WITNESSES nNEW APOSTOLIC CHURCH IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC nORTHODOX CHURCH IN THE CZECH LANDS nSILESIAN EVANGELICAL CHURCH OF THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION nOLD CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC n www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT_nahled PF_PPT_en2 10 n NO SPECIAL RIGHTS FOR RELIGIOUS WEDDINGS n nCHRISTIAN FELLOWSHIP CHURCH nCZECH HINDU RELIGIOUS SOCIETY nCHRISTIAN COMMUNITY IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC nCENTRE OF ISLAMIC COMMUNITIES n n n n n n n n n n www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT_nahled PF_PPT_en2 11 FAMILY SURNAMES (CC: § 660) nNAVRÁTILOVÁ n n nNAVRÁTILOVÁ nno change for her, children: after mother or after father nLENDLOVÁ ncommon family surname nLENDLOVÁ NAVRÁTILOVÁ ndouble surname for her n n nLENDL n n nLENDL nno change for him, children: after mother or after father nNAVRÁTIL n common family surname nNAVRÁTIL LENDL ndouble surname for him www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT_nahled PF_PPT_en2 12 PERSONAL RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF SPOUSES (CC: 687-689) nEQUALITY (since 1920, thanks to the Constitution) n nto live together, to be faithful to each other, to mutually respect their honour and human dignity, to help each other and to represent each other and duty to create healthy living environment and background www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT_nahled PF_PPT_en2 13 MARITAL PROPERTY LAW: JOINT PROPERTY OF SPOUSES (CC: § 708 et seq.) nlegal scope n nassets acquired by spouses during marriage (exceptions) nliabilities incurred by spouses during marriage (exceptions) www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT_nahled PF_PPT_en2 14 nMAINTENANCE DUTY (CC: § 697) n THE SAME LIVING STANDARD n n www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT_nahled PF_PPT_en2 15 DIVORCE LAW (CC: § 755 et seq.) nONE GROUND: nBREAKDOWN: n „matrimony is so deeply and permanently n disturbed that re-cohabitation cannot be n expected“ n nNO SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS: n on the motion of one of spouses n spouse x spouse www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT_nahled PF_PPT_en2 16 DIVORCE WITH MINOR CHILDREN (CC: § 755) n n DECISION ON CHILDREN: n a) agreement between the parents approwed by court or n b) court´s decision n on n CUSTODY (INDIVIDUAL, COMMON, ALTERNATIVE) (no: residence) n MAINTENANCE (no time limit, cluasula rebus sic stantibus) n VISITING RIGHTS www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT_nahled PF_PPT_en2 17 MAINTENANCE DUTY after divorce (CC: § 760 - 763) nADEQUATE MAINTENANCE ninability to provide for his/her maintenance from his/her own sources nCaused by marriage nno time limits (in general) nclausula rebus sic stantibus: §new marriage §pension nTHE SAME LIVING STANDARD nnot taking part in breakdown nsuffering harm due to the divorce n n3 years limit