pruh+znak_PF_13_gray5+fialovy_RGB PF_PPT_en Zápatí prezentace Codifications of Privat Law www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT_nahled PF_PPT_en2 Zápatí prezentace 2 Basic overveiw nKoldín´s codification of Town law nGBGB nABGB (1811, valid from 1.1.1812) nOZO (ABGB novelizated after 1918) nCC 1950 nCC1964 nCC2012 (valid from 1.1.2014) n n www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT_nahled PF_PPT_en2 Middle age nLand law nBased on customs, very few influence of roman law nUsing of terminoligy x but other word meaning: medival „testament“ nTowns law – stronger influence of roman law nSchöppenbuch (Brno 14th century) nPráva městská království českého (Koldín´s codification ) n– Bohemia 1571 (1610) Těšín (1598) Moravia (1680 subsidiary, 1697 full) valid until 1811 Zápatí prezentace 3 www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT_nahled PF_PPT_en2 ABGB nCodex Theresianus nJoseph Azzoni (Prague) n1753-1766 Commission in Brno nHorten´s Draft – 1772-1776 (1780) nRevision of Codex Theresianus nJosephinisches Gesetzbuch 1787 – 1. Part nMartini´s Draft 1790- 1793-1796 nBased on Horten s Draft nInspiration in ALR – Allgemeines preussisches Landesrecht (1794) nGBGB - (West)galizisches Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch 1797 nABGB 1811 nAfter 10 years of using of WGGB nF. von Zeiller nIn Austria valid until today (big novelizations in WW1, 70-80ties – family law, 2015 law of succession) n n Zápatí prezentace 4 www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT_nahled PF_PPT_en2 ABGB - characteristic Zápatí prezentace 5 Three parts: Law of persons Rights to things (absolut and relativ) General part Sec. 7 the original proposal intended to embody secondary application of general law, but this provision was later abandoned and replaced by a reference to natural law www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT_nahled PF_PPT_en2 Hungary nCustom law nTripartitum Opus Iuris – draft of codification by Stephan Verböczy nActs x until half 19th century has custom law priority nEnd of custom law after the WW2 Zápatí prezentace 6 www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT_nahled PF_PPT_en2 Interwar period - Civil law in Czechoslovakia n11/1918 Sb. – The Reception Norm / the law about the inception of the independent Czechoslovak state, 28.10.1918 / art. 2 “All existing laws and regulations have still remained in force.” n nCzechia, Moravia, Silesia – Austrian laws – ABGB nTeritorry of Hlučín - Prussian laws /BGB x only short time – then the Austrian law/ nSlovakia, Subcarpathian Ruthenia – Hungarian law norms n nNew codification is neccessary for unification of law - possibilities: nTranslation of ABGB in czech and extension on the teritory of Slovakia an S. ruthenia x Slovak politics protest + ABGB need novelization to nBrand new codification x to long time for preparing nCode based od ABGB with novelizations and taking into account the law in force in Slovakia - the best idea for politics Zápatí prezentace 7 www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT_nahled PF_PPT_en2 Interwar codification - overview n1921-1924 – 5 Subcomitee nFamily law, Law of property, Law of inheritens, Obligation general part (and generel part of the code), Obligation – special part neach subcommittee was headed by a professor of law and was composed of representatives of the Ministry of Justice and unification and practitioners (notaries, lawyers and judges) n1924 – publication of proposed text – following the comments of the professional public, Commission of Slovak lawyers nDraft 1931 – final work of „Superrevission commission“ nfollowed by commentary by the authorities and ministries nDraft 1937 – final draft n on the begining of the year 1937 started the legislativ procedure x stopped after Munich Dictate (1938) and WW2 nDraft 1937 is one of the sources of inspirations for Civil Code 2012 nDraft 1946 – (not very known) nan attempt to continue the legislative procedure after the WW2 x was halted after the Communists took office in February 1948 n n Zápatí prezentace 8 www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT_nahled PF_PPT_en2 Civil Law 1948-1989 – Communist period n“Publication” of Civil law n - restriction on freedom of contract and volitive discretion with a property – e.g. preferences for the intestate succession prior to the property / nOwnership n - Distribution of the property institute with elimination of the private ownership and preferences for the state ownership nSeparation of substance in more regulations - formation of new branches n – family law, n - land law n - economic legislation /planed economy/ n Zápatí prezentace 9 www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT_nahled PF_PPT_en2 OZ 1950 n Civil code 1950 /Střední občanský zákoník/ - middle civil code n nIt was considered as a relatively good-class work x only thanks to the “quality” of the subsequent Civil Code from the year 1964. nIt observed the terminology and features of “bourgeois” civil codexes x a number of terms expressed a different meaning nA negative demarcation against the Roman law in the explanatory report was very often nProvisions were very brief - then an extensive domain for an interpretation of the court n Zápatí prezentace 10 www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT_nahled PF_PPT_en2 OZ 1964 nMore socialistic then the exemplary Soviet civil code nAbandonment of traditional terminology nPrivat ownership – not regulated in part Property law – one section in „transitional and final provisions“ nAbolishment of regulation of possession , usucaption and easements n nBig novelization in 1982 – trying to eliminate the biggest problems (forced by lawyers from practice) n n Zákon o mezinárodním obchodu – international trade act (101/1963) – reacted to the capitalist part of the word Zápatí prezentace 11 www.law.muni.cz PF_PPT_nahled PF_PPT_en2 After 1989 nCC 1964 does not suit the ratios x there were bigger problems (commercial law) nOnly novelizations(1990-1993) – biggest inspiration CC 1950 nSeveral proposals for recodification x neuspěli nCC 2012 –main author prof. Eliáš nwithout reference to previous proposals nsuccess thanks to ministre of justice Zápatí prezentace 12 pruh+znak_PF_13_gray5+fialovy_RGB PF_PPT_en Zápatí prezentace 13 Thank You for Your attention