INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL  LAW

                                        NATURE  PROTECTION

                                     THE DESTRUCTION OF NATURE

•           Direct activities (hunting, collection)



•           Indirect activities (habitat destruction and modification – development and pollution)



•           Climate change and ozone layer depletion



                                      3 CATHEGORIES  OF  IEL:

•            Treaties which are potentially applicable to all species and habitats on the planet



•            Treaties that are applicable to all species and habitats within a particular region



•            Treaties which are applicable at the regional or global level but which have as their
objective the conservation of particular habitat or species types

                                       REGULATORY TECHNIQUES

•                           Establishment of protected areas

•                           Prohibition and/or regulation on the taking of particular species

•                           The establishment of seasons in which the taking of species is
permitted

•                           Prohibition and/or regulation of international trade

•                           The establishment of quotas for the taking of species

•                           Management of habitats and ecosystems

•                           Prohibition of methods or means of taking

•                           Prohibition on the introduction of new and alien species









1971 RAMSAR  CONVENTION ON WETLANDS OF INTERNATIONAL IMPORTANCE ESPECIALLY AS WATERFOWL HABITAT

Aims:

     - conservation  and enhancement of  wetlands



Obligations:

     - designation of at least one suitable wetland within its territory for

      inclusion on the List of Wetlands of International Importance.

    - the deletion or restriction of listed wetlands is permitted  on the

      grounds of an „urgent national interest“ and must be compensated

       by establishing additional nature reserves

     - to support reasonable use of all wetlands already  in land-use

       planning and policy-making processes.



Tools: Wetland Conservation Fund

      List of Wetlands of International Importance

CONVENTON FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE
PARIS 1972

CONVENTION ON THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED  SPECIES OF WILD FLORA AND FAUNA
WASHINGTON 1973

CONVENTION ON THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED  SPECIES OF WILD FLORA AND FAUNA
WASHINGTON 1973

CONVENTION ON THE PRESERVATION OF EUROPEAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL HABITATS (BERNE 1979)

CONVENTION ON CONSERVATION OF MIGRATORY SPECIES OF WILD ANIMALS (BONN 1979)

CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
RIO DE JANEIRO 1992

CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
RIO DE JANEIRO 1992