The Not-Always Holy Land: Law and Religion in Israel. Dr. Yael Efron Zefat College School of Law Israel Recommended reading: Halmai G (2016) Constitutionalism, Law and Religion in Israel a State’s Multiple Identities. J Civil Legal Sci 5: 169. Outline: 1. Israeli Society: Identity Complex 1.1. Who am I? - Judaism as Culture 1.2. Who are we? - Citizens of Israel 1.3. Who are we? – Jews in Israel 2. Legal Framework for Law and Religion: Constitutionalism without a Constitution 2.1. The Declaration of Independence 2.2. The Status Quo Agreement 2.3. Basic Laws 2.4. "Jewish and Democratic State" interpretation 2.5. The New Basic Law: Israel as the Nation State of the Jewish People 3. Judicial Creativity in Balancing Law and Religion: 2 examples of the clash 3.1. Shabbat laws 3.2. Marriage and divorce 4. Discussion